Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Nickel (Ni) deficiency has been reported to occur in soybean ( Glycine max ) grown on leached tropical soils in Brazil. We aimed to determine whether an internal or external Ni supply can compensate for low Ni within the seed by assessing whether the amount of Ni in the seed whether the foliar-application of aqueous NiSO 4 influenced the uptake of Ni by the leaf, the nutritional status of the plant, urease activity and growth. Methods We used Ni-depleted seeds (<0.35 μg Ni per g) and Ni-sufficient seeds (11.1 μg Ni g −1 ) for hydroponic experiments. Seedlings were grown either with or without an external Ni supply (0 or 0.85 μM Ni in nutrient solution) and either with or without an internal Ni supply (with or cotyledons removed). In addition, we used synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis to examine the distribution of foliar-applied Ni (50 and 100 mg L -1 ). Key results Leaf Ni concentration and urease activity were both enhanced by increasing either the internal (cotyledon seed store) or external (solution) Ni supply. In addition, plants derived from Ni-depleted seed that received external Ni supply had 9.2% higher biomass relative to plants derived from Ni-sufficient seeds which received Ni. When foliar-applied, Ni accumulated in the pedicles of the trichomes within 15 minutes of application, and then moved to the vascular bundles before dispersing further into tissues within 3 hours. Conclusions Trichomes are an important pathway for foliar Ni absorption in soybean, but there are still major knowledge gaps our understanding of the physiological function of trichomes in the uptake of metal ions from foliar micro-nutrient treatments.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Ni concentration and urease activity in soybean were enhanced by increasing either the internal (cotyledon seed store) or external (solution) Ni supply.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- internal (cotyledon seed store) or external (solution) Ni supplye0
- Outcome
- Leaf Ni concentration and urease activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“Leaf Ni concentration and urease activity were both enhanced by increasing either the internal (cotyledon seed store) or external (solution) Ni supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean plants from Ni-depleted seed that received external Ni had 9.2% higher biomass than plants from Ni-sufficient seeds that received Ni.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- Ni-depleted seede0
- Treatment
- external Ni supplye0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.2%e0
- Comparator
- plants derived from Ni-sufficient seeds which received Nie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“plants derived from Ni-depleted seed that received external Ni supply had 9.2% higher biomass relative to plants derived from Ni-sufficient seeds which received Ni”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied Ni accumulated in the pedicles of the trichomes within 15 minutes of application in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- pedicles of the trichomese0
- Treatment
- foliar-appliede0
- Outcome
- Ni accumulated in the pedicles of the trichomese0
- Qualifier
- within 15 minutes of applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“When foliar-applied, Ni accumulated in the pedicles of the trichomes within 15 minutes of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied Ni then moved to the vascular bundles before dispersing further into tissues within 3 hours in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- vascular bundlese0
- Treatment
- foliar-appliede1
- Outcome
- moved to the vascular bundles before dispersing further into tissuese0
- Qualifier
- within 3 hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
t0“soybean”
e0“and then moved to the vascular bundles before dispersing further into tissues within 3 hours”
e1“When foliar-applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that trichomes are an important pathway for foliar Ni absorption in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- Trichomese0
- Outcome
- foliar Ni absorptione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Trichomes are an important pathway for foliar Ni absorption in soybean”
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