Abstract
Introduction Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton field causes soil and water pollution as well as significant increase of aphid population. Reasonable fertilization is an important approach to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce agriculture-derived pollutions. This study was aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the Bt cotton physiological characteristics and the growth and development of A. gossypii , a sap-sucking cotton pest. Methods Five different levels of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (0.0 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.9 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg and 8.1 g/kg) were applied into vermiculite as nitrogen fertilizer in order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and development of Bt cotton and aphids. Results The results showed that the medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg) effectively facilitated the growth of Bt cotton plant and suppressed the population expansion of aphids, whereas high and extremely high nitrogen application (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) significantly increased the population size of aphids. Both high and low nitrogen application benefited aphid growth in multiple aspects such as prolonging nymph period and adult lifespan, enhancing fecundity, and improving adult survival rate by elevating soluble sugar content in host Bt cotton plants. Cotton leaf Bt toxin content in medium nitrogen group (0.9 g/kg) was significantly higher than that in high (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) and low (0.3 g/kg) nitrogen groups, but Bt toxin content in aphids was very low in all the nitrogen treatment groups, suggesting that medium level (0.9 g/kg) might be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment level for promoting cotton seedling growth and inhibiting aphids. Discussion Overall, this study provides insight into trophic interaction among nitrogen fertilizer levels, Bt cotton, and cotton aphid, and reveals the multiple effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and development of cotton and aphids. Our findings will contribute to the optimization of the integrated management of Bt cotton and cotton aphids under nitrogen fertilization.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Medium nitrogen fertilizer promoted Bt cotton growth.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone0
- Treatment
- medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg)e0
- Outcome
- growth of Bt cotton plante0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg) effectively facilitated the growth of Bt cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium nitrogen fertilizer suppressed aphid population expansion.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone0
- Treatment
- medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg)e0
- Interactor
- A. gossypii
Aphis gossypiie1pest - Outcome
- population expansion of aphidse0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg) effectively facilitated the growth of Bt cotton plant and suppressed the population expansion of aphids”
e1“A. gossypii , a sap-sucking cotton pest”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased aphid population size.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone1
- Treatment
- high and extremely high nitrogen application (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg)e0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- population size of aphidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“high and extremely high nitrogen application (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) significantly increased the population size of aphids.”
e1“growth of Bt cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
High and low nitrogen prolonged aphid nymph period and adult lifespan.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone0
- Treatment
- high and low nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Compound
- soluble sugare0
- Outcome
- nymph period and adult lifespane0
- Direction
- prolonginge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both high and low nitrogen application benefited aphid growth in multiple aspects such as prolonging nymph period and adult lifespan, enhancing fecundity, and improving adult survival rate by elevating soluble sugar content in host Bt cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
High and low nitrogen enhanced aphid fecundity and survival.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone0
- Treatment
- high and low nitrogen applicatione0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Compound
- soluble sugare0
- Outcome
- fecundity, and improving adult survival ratee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both high and low nitrogen application benefited aphid growth in multiple aspects such as prolonging nymph period and adult lifespan, enhancing fecundity, and improving adult survival rate by elevating soluble sugar content in host Bt cotton plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium nitrogen gave higher cotton leaf Bt toxin content than high or low nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton leaf Bt toxin content in medium nitrogen group (0.9 g/kg) was significantly higher than that in high (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) and low (0.3 g/kg) nitrogen groups”
e1“growth of Bt cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid Bt toxin content was very low across nitrogen treatment groups.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone1
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- Bt toxin content in aphidse0
- Qualifier
- all the nitrogen treatment groupse0
Verbatim
e0“Bt toxin content in aphids was very low in all the nitrogen treatment groups”
e1“host Bt cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest 0.9 g/kg nitrogen as an optimal level for cotton seedling growth and aphid inhibition.
- Taxon
- Bt cottone1
- Treatment
- medium level (0.9 g/kg)e0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment level for promoting cotton seedling growth and inhibiting aphids.e0
Verbatim
e0“medium level (0.9 g/kg) might be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment level for promoting cotton seedling growth and inhibiting aphids.”
e1“host Bt cotton plants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.