Abstract
Rice by-products were evaluated in the greenhouse for herbicidal activity on various weeds and crops. Rice by-products and corn gluten meal (CG) were applied at 0, 125, 250, 500, and 750 g m−2 preemergence (PRE) and preplant incorporated (PPI). The efficacy of rice by-products and CG in reducing weed emergence and shoot weight of broadleaf species was in the order of medium-grain fatty rice bran (MF) > long-grain fatty rice bran (LF) > CG > defatted rice bran (DF) > long-grain hull (LH) > medium-grain hull (MH). For reducing grass emergence, MF = CG > LF > DF > LH > MH, and for shoot weight reduction, CG > MF > LF > LH > DF = MH. Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory were the most susceptible weeds (91 and 82%) followed by sicklepod, hemp sesbania, and prickly sida (65 to 70%). Velvetleaf was the most tolerant broadleaf weed. Grasses were not as susceptible to rice bran as broadleaf weeds. In general, MF was the best material for reducing weed emergence and its efficacy was not affected by application method. Cotton and corn were the most tolerant direct-seeded crops to MF (6% reduction in plant stand), and soybean, Italian ryegrass, tomato, and rice had intermediate tolerances (30 to 86% stand reduction). Mustard, cucumber, and lettuce were the most susceptible crops (71 to 98% reduction in plant survival). The minimum effective rate was 250 g m−2 MF PPI or PRE.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Medium-grain fatty rice bran was the most effective material for reducing broadleaf weed emergence and shoot weight.
- Treatment
- medium-grain fatty rice brane0
- Outcome
- weed emergence and shoot weight of broadleaf speciese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- long-grain fatty rice brane0
Not reportedTaxonSetting
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of rice by-products and CG in reducing weed emergence and shoot weight of broadleaf species was in the order of medium-grain fatty rice bran (MF) > long-grain fatty rice bran (LF) > CG > defatted rice bran (DF) > long-grain hull (LH) > medium-grain hull (MH)”
Claim · model-written summary
For grass emergence, medium-grain fatty rice bran and corn gluten meal ranked equally highest.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“For reducing grass emergence, MF = CG > LF > DF > LH > MH”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn gluten meal ranked highest for grass shoot weight reduction.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“for shoot weight reduction, CG > MF > LF > LH > DF = MH”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmer amaranth was the most susceptible weed, with 91% suppression.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory were the most susceptible weeds (91 and 82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ivyleaf morningglory was highly susceptible, with 82% suppression.
- Taxon
- ivyleaf morningglory
Ipomoea hederaceae0 - Outcome
- susceptible weedse0
- Value
- 82%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth and ivyleaf morningglory were the most susceptible weeds (91 and 82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sicklepod, hemp sesbania and prickly sida had 65 to 70% susceptibility.
Verbatim
e0“sicklepod, hemp sesbania, and prickly sida (65 to 70%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf was the most tolerant broadleaf weed.
- Taxon
- Velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0 - Outcome
- most tolerant broadleaf weede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Velvetleaf was the most tolerant broadleaf weed”
Claim · model-written summary
Grasses were less susceptible to rice bran than broadleaf weeds.
Verbatim
e0“Grasses were not as susceptible to rice bran as broadleaf weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium-grain fatty rice bran was the best material for reducing weed emergence regardless of application method.
- Treatment
- MFe0
- Outcome
- weed emergencee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- not affected by application methode0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“MF was the best material for reducing weed emergence and its efficacy was not affected by application method”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton was among the most tolerant direct-seeded crops to MF, with 6% stand reduction.
Gossypium hirsutumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton and corn were the most tolerant direct-seeded crops to MF (6% reduction in plant stand)”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn was among the most tolerant direct-seeded crops to MF, with 6% stand reduction.
Zea mays subsp. maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton and corn were the most tolerant direct-seeded crops to MF (6% reduction in plant stand)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean, Italian ryegrass and tomato had intermediate tolerance to MF, with 30 to 86% stand reduction.
- Taxon
- soybean, Italian ryegrass, tomato
Glycine max
Solanum lycopersicum
Lolium multiflorume0 - Outcome
- stande0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 30 to 86%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Italian ryegrass, tomato, and rice had intermediate tolerances (30 to 86% stand reduction)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice had intermediate tolerance to MF, with 30 to 86% stand reduction.
Oryza sativaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Italian ryegrass, tomato, and rice had intermediate tolerances (30 to 86% stand reduction)”
e1“Cotton and corn were the most tolerant direct-seeded crops to MF”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard, cucumber and lettuce were the most susceptible crops, with 71 to 98% survival reduction.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mustard, cucumber, and lettuce were the most susceptible crops (71 to 98% reduction in plant survival)”
Claim · model-written summary
The minimum effective MF rate was 250 g m−2, applied before emergence or incorporated before planting.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The minimum effective rate was 250 g m−2 MF PPI or PRE”
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