Abstract
Abstract Reduced grain and seed nutrient content in crops grown under elevated CO 2 concentrations (eCO 2 ) have raised concerns about future food security. Studies have reported that different seed elements responded differently to eCO 2 . Additionally, the nutrient response to eCO 2 varied across species and cultivars. This study investigated the response of seed quality in two soybean cultivars (HS93‐4118 and Loda) previously shown to have different yield responses to eCO 2 . We show that seed quality responded differently to eCO 2 for the two cultivars and that elements were differentially impacted. The strongest declines under eCO 2 were observed for Al, Ca, Fe, and Se while P and Mn were unaffected. Seed protein content increased under eCO 2 for the two cultivars. Oil content, however, showed a negative relationship with yield and declined under eCO 2 . Using path analysis, we show that eCO 2 reduced the seed content for some elements through increasing seed yield, effectively diluting the elemental concentrations, while other elements were reduced in a yield‐independent manner. Despite the decline in the seed concentration for some elements, the overall yield per hectare of elements, protein, and oil under eCO 2 increased because of greater seed yield. We quantified the economic impact of altered seed composition and show that the decline in oil content with increasing soybean yield at eCO 2 could adversely impact profits.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Seed quality responded differently to elevated CO2 in two cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- two cultivarse0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- seed qualitye0
- Direction
- differentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed quality responded differently to eCO 2 for the two cultivars”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed Al, Ca and Fe showed strong declines under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- Al, Ca, Fee0
- Direction
- strongest declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strongest declines under eCO 2 were observed for Al, Ca, Fe, and Se”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed Se showed a strong decline under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- See0
- Direction
- strongest declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strongest declines under eCO 2 were observed for Al, Ca, Fe, and Se”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed P and Mn were unaffected by elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- P and Mne0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strongest declines under eCO 2 were observed for Al, Ca, Fe, and Se while P and Mn were unaffected”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed protein content increased under elevated CO2 in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- Seed protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- two cultivarse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed protein content increased under eCO 2 for the two cultivars”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content was negatively related to yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Oil contente0
- Direction
- negative relationshipe0
- Comparator
- yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil content, however, showed a negative relationship with yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil content declined under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- Oil contente0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil content, however, showed a negative relationship with yield and declined under eCO 2”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced some seed elements through greater yield and dilution.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- seed content for some elementse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- increasing seed yield, effectively diluting the elemental concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eCO 2 reduced the seed content for some elements through increasing seed yield, effectively diluting the elemental concentrations”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Other seed elements declined independently of yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- other elementse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- yield‐independent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other elements were reduced in a yield‐independent manner”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Element yield per hectare increased under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- yield per hectare of elementse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overall yield per hectare of elements, protein, and oil under eCO 2 increased because of greater seed yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein yield per hectare increased under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overall yield per hectare of elements, protein, and oil under eCO 2 increased because of greater seed yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil yield per hectare increased under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- oile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overall yield per hectare of elements, protein, and oil under eCO 2 increased because of greater seed yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Declining oil content with increasing yield under elevated CO2 could adversely affect profits.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- eCO 2e0
- Outcome
- profitse0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- could adversely impacte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decline in oil content with increasing soybean yield at eCO 2 could adversely impact profits”
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See all 96 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.