Abstract
Poor soil physical properties, serious salinization and low soil nutrients are the limiting factors for crop yield in saline-sodic soil. Long-term cattle manure application is an important measure that can affect the physicochemical properties and increase the maize yield of saline-sodic soil. This experiment included five treatments according to the history of cattle manure application: a control treatment with no cattle manure (CK) and treatments with cattle manure application for 14 years (14 a), 17 years (17 a), 20 years (20 a), and 25 years (25 a). The results indicated that compared with the CK treatment, long-term cattle manure application to saline-sodic soil resulted in significant increases in soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (TN) and available nutrients at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths (p<0.05). The soil physical properties improved significantly, and cattle manure application significantly decreased the soil bulk density (ρb) and soil density (ρd) and increased the soil total porosity (ft) and water-holding capacity (WHC). With the number of years of cattle manure application, the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR1:5) decreased significantly, and the maize yield gradually increased over time from 8690 kg/hm2 in the CK treatment to 14690 kg/hm2 in the 25a treatment. There were significant differences among all treatments (p<0.05). The results showed that long-term cattle manure application decreased the soil ρb and saline-alkaline properties, which was the main factor that affected the maize yield in the saline-sodic soil, especially for soil ρb. Keywords: saline-sodic soil, cattle manure, soil physicochemical properties, maize yield DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231606.7532 Citation: Yu F, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhai C Y, Zhong R, et al. Long-term cattle manure application to saline-sodic soil increases maize yield by decreasing key obstacle factors in the black soilregion of Northeastern China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(6): 176–183.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term cattle manure increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nutrients at both sampled depths versus no manure.
- Treatment
- long-term cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (TN) and available nutrientse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depthse0
- Comparator
- CK treatmente0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“compared with the CK treatment, long-term cattle manure application to saline-sodic soil resulted in significant increases in soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (TN) and available nutrients at the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths (p<0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure reduced soil bulk and particle density.
- Treatment
- cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil bulk density (ρb) and soil density (ρd)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“cattle manure application significantly decreased the soil bulk density (ρb) and soil density (ρd)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure increased soil total porosity and water holding capacity.
- Treatment
- cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil total porosity (ft) and water-holding capacity (WHC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“cattle manure application significantly decreased the soil bulk density (ρb) and soil density (ρd) and increased the soil total porosity (ft) and water-holding capacity (WHC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer manure application reduced soil pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, and sodium adsorption ratio.
- Treatment
- number of years of cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR1:5)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“With the number of years of cattle manure application, the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR1:5) decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield rose from 8690 kg/hm2 without manure to 14690 kg/hm2 after 25 years of application.
- Treatment
- 25a treatmente0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14690 kg/hm2e0
- Qualifier
- 8690 kg/hm2e0
- Comparator
- CK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the maize yield gradually increased over time from 8690 kg/hm2 in the CK treatment to 14690 kg/hm2 in the 25a treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced bulk density and saline alkaline soil properties were identified as major factors affecting maize yield, especially bulk density.
- Treatment
- long-term cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Qualifier
- soil ρb and saline-alkaline propertiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“long-term cattle manure application decreased the soil ρb and saline-alkaline properties, which was the main factor that affected the maize yield in the saline-sodic soil, especially for soil ρb”
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