Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality parameter of wheat (Triticum aestivum): Summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) cropping sequence in middle Gujarat condition

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at A field experiment was conducted at Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat, during the winter (rabi) and summer seasons 2019-20 and 2020-21, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its residual effect on succeeding green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) resulted in the higher grain (4114 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5662 kg ha-1) as well as protein content (12.52%) and protein yield (515 kg ha-1) wheat crop. In succeeding green gram crop, residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) recorded higher grain (1215 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2735 kg ha-1) along with protein content (20.78%) and protein yield (253 kg ha-1) of crop.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 100% RDF with FYM, NPK consortium, sulphur and zinc gave a higher wheat grain yield (4114 kg ha-1).

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e1
Outcome: graine1
Direction: highere1
Value: 4114 kg ha-1e1
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Triticum aestivum* · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) resulted in the higher grain (4114 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5662 kg ha-1) as well as protein content (12.52%) and protein yield (515 kg ha-1) wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 541–838 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment gave a higher wheat stover yield (5662 kg ha-1).

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e1
Outcome: stover yielde1
Direction: highere1
Value: 5662 kg ha-1e1
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) resulted in the higher grain (4114 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5662 kg ha-1) as well as protein content (12.52%) and protein yield (515 kg ha-1) wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 541–838 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment gave a higher wheat protein content (12.52%).

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e1
Outcome: protein contente1
Direction: highere1
Value: 12.52%e1
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) resulted in the higher grain (4114 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5662 kg ha-1) as well as protein content (12.52%) and protein yield (515 kg ha-1) wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 541–838 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same treatment gave a higher wheat protein yield (515 kg ha-1).

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e1
Outcome: protein yielde1
Direction: highere1
Value: 515 kg ha-1e1
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e1
“Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) resulted in the higher grain (4114 kg ha-1) and stover yield (5662 kg ha-1) as well as protein content (12.52%) and protein yield (515 kg ha-1) wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 541–838 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The residual effect of the same nutrient treatment gave a higher green gram grain yield (1215 kg ha-1).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae2
Treatment: residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e2
Outcome: graine2
Direction: highere2
Value: 1215 kg ha-1e2
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Vigna radiata var. radiata* · Taxon · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e2
“In succeeding green gram crop, residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) recorded higher grain (1215 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2735 kg ha-1) along with protein content (20.78%) and protein yield (253 kg ha-1) of crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–1176 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The residual effect gave a higher green gram haulm yield (2735 kg ha-1).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae2
Treatment: residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e2
Outcome: haulm yielde2
Direction: highere2
Value: 2735 kg ha-1e2
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e2
“In succeeding green gram crop, residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) recorded higher grain (1215 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2735 kg ha-1) along with protein content (20.78%) and protein yield (253 kg ha-1) of crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–1176 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The residual effect gave a higher green gram protein content (20.78%).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae2
Treatment: residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e2
Outcome: protein contente2
Direction: highere2
Value: 20.78%e2
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e2
“In succeeding green gram crop, residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) recorded higher grain (1215 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2735 kg ha-1) along with protein content (20.78%) and protein yield (253 kg ha-1) of crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–1176 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The residual effect gave a higher green gram protein yield (253 kg ha-1).

Taxon: green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae2
Treatment: residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4)e2
Outcome: protein yielde2
Direction: highere2
Value: 253 kg ha-1e2
Setting: Devgadh Baria, Gujarate0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Tribal Research cum Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Devgadh Baria, Gujarat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 72–167 · show in text ↑

e2
“In succeeding green gram crop, residual effect of application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK consortium + Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 (gypsum) + 10 kg ha-1 ZnSO4) recorded higher grain (1215 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2735 kg ha-1) along with protein content (20.78%) and protein yield (253 kg ha-1) of crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–1176 · show in text ↑

sulfur atom · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

51 papers: 44 positive, 7 negative or no effect

43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

no effect
Sulfur rate, source and timing did not affect protein concentration on high SOM soils.
Do Hard Red Spring Wheat Varieties Vary in Their Response to Sulfur? · 2019
Opposite direction
no effect
Sulfur did not affect late harvested forage protein.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Fertilization of Winter Wheat · 1992
Opposite direction
negative
At 100% N, increasing sulfur decreased wheat protein concentration.
Wheat Grain Yield and Protein Concentration Response to Nitrogen and Sulfur Rates · 2020
Opposite direction

47 papers more in this group

See all 51 papers →

zinc sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

100 papers: 98 positive, 2 negative or no effect

97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Nutri priming of seeds with zinc sulphate heptahydrate solution could not improve wheat yield over control.
Yield and grain zinc concentration of wheat as affected by nutri priming and foliar application of zinc · 2019 · compared with control
Opposite direction
no effect
Grain yields in insecticide-only and insecticide plus zinc plots were statistically similar.
Compatibility of foliar application of zinc sulphate with insecticides against wheat aphid · 2021 · compared with thiamethoxam and azadirachtin sprayed plots
No difference from an alternative
positive
Soil or foliar application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4, alone or combined, increased plant height, tiller number and spike length of wheat.
Biofortification with Zinc and Iron Improves the Grain Quality and Yield of Wheat Crop · 2020
Same direction

96 papers more in this group

See all 100 papers →

sulfur atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

148 papers: 124 positive, 24 negative or no effect

123 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Sulfur application yielded hardly any benefit.
Landscape positions dictating crop fertilizer responses in wheat-based farming systems of East African Highlands · 2020
Opposite direction
no effect
Sulphur fertiliser had little effect on grain yield or grain nitrogen and sulphur concentration and uptake.
Management of nitrogen and sulphur fertiliser for improved bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) quality · 2001
Opposite direction
no effect
Sulfur rate, source and timing did not affect yield on soils with SOM above 20 g kg −1.
Do Hard Red Spring Wheat Varieties Vary in Their Response to Sulfur? · 2019
Opposite direction

144 papers more in this group

See all 148 papers →

zinc sulfate · quality: protein · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
T9 significantly improved green gram protein content, protein yield and seed test weight, followed by T8.
Effect of Phosphorus and zinc on yield and quality parameters of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Inceptisol · 2019 · compared with T8 (100% N +40 kg P2O5+ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1)
Same direction
positive
T7 improved protein content to 22.37 % at harvest.
Effect of Micronutrient Application on Growth, Yield and Quality of Green Gram Growing Iron and Zinc Deficient Soils of Renapur Tahsil, Latur · 2024
Same direction
positive
Foliar 1% KNO3 + 0.2% ZnSO4 at flower bud initiation with RDF (T8) gave significantly higher protein and zinc content in the grain, superior to the other practices.
Productivity and Quality of Greengram as Influenced by Potassium and Zinc Nutrition · 2019 · compared with the rest of the nutrient management practices
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

sulfur atom · quality: protein · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Sulphur and boron increased protein content.
EFFECTS OF SULPHUR AND BORON ON THE SEED YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MUNGBEAN · 2010
Same direction
positive
Sulphur at 30 kg ha−1 increased protein versus 15 kg ha−1.
Nutrient management in mung bean (Vigna radiatal.) through sulphur and biofertilizers · 2014 · compared with sulphur @ 15 kg ha−1
Same direction
positive
Sulphur at 30 kg/ha significantly increased grain protein content.
Effect of Sulphur and Molybdenum Application on Yield and Protein and S-Amino Acid Contents of Green Gram (Phaseolus aureus) · 1981
Same direction

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

zinc sulfate · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

13 papers: 13 positive, 0 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The same applications increased zinc, copper and protein contents of wheat.
Biofortification with Zinc and Iron Improves the Grain Quality and Yield of Wheat Crop · 2020
Same direction
positive
ZnSO 4 foliar application increased wheat GPC by 4.9.
Impact of foliar application of iron and zinc fertilizers on grain iron, zinc, and protein contents in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2024
Same direction
positive
The stated fertilizer module produced the highest protein content of 11.71 %.
Effect of integrated nutrient management modules on yield, quality and economics of wheat · 2017
Same direction

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

zinc sulfate · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

28 papers: 28 positive, 0 negative or no effect

27 papers in the same direction as this paper

24 papers more in this group

See all 28 papers →

sulfur atom · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

36 papers: 36 positive, 0 negative or no effect

35 papers in the same direction as this paper

32 papers more in this group

See all 36 papers →

8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 8

The same questions in other papers

sulfur atom · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

zinc sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

sulfur atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

zinc sulfate · quality: protein · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

sulfur atom · quality: protein · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

zinc sulfate · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

zinc sulfate · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree

sulfur atom · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree