Abstract
Hidden hunger is emerging as a major challenge for agricultural scientists because world population is increasing and food production is augmenting. Metals deficiencies (micronutrient malnutrition), especially Zn and Fe, are affecting over half of global population because they are depending cereal crops mainly wheat rice and maize for their daily diet. There are various possible techniques to overcome the hidden hunger but agronomic biofortification is one of the major agricultural strategies to enhance the grain concentration of micronutrients. Application of iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and as alone or in combination either soil and foliar application increased the height of plants, number of tillers, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, economical yield, biological yield and harvesting index, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and protein contents. Among different Zn and Fe concentrations applied either soil supplement or foliar spray, combine foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4 significantly improved the maximum growth or quality attributes of wheat. Biofortification is one of the major agricultural strategies to enhance the concentration of micronutrients in grains to minimize the malnutrition. Combination of Zn and Fe as foliar spray (0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4) increased the yield traits of wheat crop as well as quality parameters of grains. Foliar application method is more appropriate for availability of nutrients to plants for optimum growth as compared to soil application method. Combined application of Zn and Fe (0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4) through foliar spray is recommended to enhance the productivity of wheat crop with good quality of grains.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil or foliar application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4, alone or combined, increased plant height, tiller number and spike length of wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)e0
- Outcome
- height of plants, number of tillers, spike lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Crop”
e0“Application of iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and as alone or in combination either soil and foliar application increased”
e1“the height of plants, number of tillers, spike length”
Claim · model-written summary
The same applications increased spikelets per spike, grains per spike and thousand grain weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)e0
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weighte1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Crop”
e0“Application of iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and as alone or in combination either soil and foliar application increased”
e1“number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The same applications increased economical yield, biological yield and harvest index of wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)e0
- Outcome
- economical yield, biological yield and harvesting indexe1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Crop”
e0“Application of iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and as alone or in combination either soil and foliar application increased”
e1“economical yield, biological yield and harvesting index”
Claim · model-written summary
The same applications increased calcium, magnesium and iron contents of wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)e0
- Outcome
- calcium, magnesium, irone1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Crop”
e0“Application of iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and as alone or in combination either soil and foliar application increased”
e1“calcium, magnesium, iron”
Claim · model-written summary
The same applications increased zinc, copper and protein contents of wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)e0
- Outcome
- zinc, copper and protein contentse1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat Crop”
e0“Application of iron sulphate (FeSO4) zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and as alone or in combination either soil and foliar application increased”
e1“zinc, copper and protein contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the Zn and Fe concentrations and the soil or foliar methods, combined foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4 significantly improved the maximum growth or quality attributes of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- combine foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4e0
- Outcome
- maximum growth or quality attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- different Zn and Fe concentrations applied either soil supplement or foliar spraye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combine foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4 significantly improved the maximum growth or quality attributes of wheat”
e1“different Zn and Fe concentrations applied either soil supplement or foliar spray”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend combined foliar application of Zn and Fe (0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4) to enhance productivity and grain quality of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Combined application of Zn and Fe (0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4) through foliar spraye0
- Outcome
- productivity of wheat crop with good quality of grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of Zn and Fe (0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4) through foliar spray is recommended to enhance the productivity of wheat crop with good quality of grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that foliar application is more appropriate than soil application for nutrient availability and optimum plant growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Foliar application methode0
- Outcome
- availability of nutrients to plants for optimum growthe0
- Comparator
- soil application methode0
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application method is more appropriate for availability of nutrients to plants for optimum growth as compared to soil application method”
The same questions in other papers
zinc sulfate · quality: general · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →iron atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
60 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
70 papers more in this group
See all 74 papers →iron atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
91 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
95 papers more in this group
See all 99 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
96 papers more in this group
See all 100 papers →iron atom · quality: general · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →sulfate · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →sulfate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.