Abstract
Arable soils irrigated with wastewater (SIWs) cause ecological and human health issues due to the presence of heavy metals (HMs). Burning rice stubble (RS) poses severe environmental and human health hazards. Converting RS into rice stubble compost (RSC) and rice stubble biochar (RSB) can overcome these issues. Here, we considered the role of RS, RSC, and RSB as individual soil amendments and combined each of them with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) to observe their effectiveness for HM immobilization in SIW, their uptake in pea plants, and improvements in the physicochemical properties of soil. The results revealed that adding RSB and AMF reduced the bioavailable concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn in SIW by 35%, 50%, 43%, 43%, 52%, and 22%, respectively. Moreover, RSB+AMF treatment also reduced Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn concentrations in grain by 93%, 76%, 83%, 72%, 71%, and 57%, respectively, compared to the control. Improvements in shoot dry weight (DW) (66%), root DW (48%), and grain yield (56%) per pot were also the highest with RSB+AMF. RSB+AMF treatment enhanced soil health and other soil attributes by improving the activity of urease, catalase, peroxidase, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate by 78%, 156%, 62%, 123%, 235%, and 96%, respectively. Interestingly, RSB+AMF also led to the strongest AMF–plant symbiosis, as assessed by improved AMF root colonization (162%), mycorrhizal intensity (100%), mycorrhizal frequency (104%), and arbuscular abundance (143%). To conclude, converting RS into RSB can control air pollution caused by RS burning. Moreover, adding RSB with AMF to SIW can reduce HM uptake in plants, improve soil health, and thus minimize ecological and human health issues.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 2
Claim · model-written summary
RSB and AMF reduced bioavailable soil Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn by 35%, 50%, 43%, 43%, 52%, and 22%.
- Taxon
- pea plants
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- adding RSB and AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bioavailable concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn in SIWe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35%, 50%, 43%, 43%, 52%, and 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adding RSB and AMF reduced the bioavailable concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn in SIW by 35%, 50%, 43%, 43%, 52%, and 22%, respectively”
e1“pea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
RSB+AMF reduced grain Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn by 93%, 76%, 83%, 72%, 71%, and 57% relative to control.
- Taxon
- pea plantsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- RSB+AMF treatmente0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn concentrations in graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 93%, 76%, 83%, 72%, 71%, and 57%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RSB+AMF treatment also reduced Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Co, and Zn concentrations in grain by 93%, 76%, 83%, 72%, 71%, and 57%, respectively, compared to the control”
e1“pea plants, and improvements in the physicochemical properties of soil”
e2“combined each of them with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF)”
The same questions in other papers
biochar · nutrient: content · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.