Abstract
The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in reducing Cd stress was investigated in three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128), grown in soil/sand pot cultures in the presence and absence of 2-3 mg kg(-1) bioavailable Cd, and inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Shoot, root and pod biomass were decreased by Cd in non-mycorrhizal plants. The presence of mycorrhiza attenuated the negative effect of Cd so that shoot biomass and activity of photosystem II, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, were not significantly different between mycorrhizal plants growing in the presence or absence of the heavy metal (HM). Total P concentrations were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants treated with Cd. From 20-50-fold more Cd accumulated in roots than in shoots of Cd-treated plants, and overall levels were comparable to other metal-accumulating plants. Genetic variability in Cd accumulation existed between the pea genotypes. Concentration of the HM was lowest in roots of VIR4788 and in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128. G. intraradices inoculation decreased Cd accumulation in roots and pods of cv. Frisson, whilst high concentrations were maintained in roots and pods of mycorrhizal VIR7128. Shoot concentrations of Cd increased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR4788. Sequestration of Cd in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm, measured by EDS/SEM, was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes but considerably decreased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR7128. Possible mechanisms for mycorrhiza buffering of Cd-induced stress in the pea genotypes are discussed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cd decreased shoot, root and pod biomass of non-mycorrhizal pea plants relative to plants without Cd.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- Cde2
- Outcome
- Shoot, root and pod biomasse2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- non-mycorrhizal plantse2
- Comparator
- absence of 2-3 mg kg(-1) bioavailable Cde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“in the presence and absence of 2-3 mg kg(-1) bioavailable Cd”
e2“Shoot, root and pod biomass were decreased by Cd in non-mycorrhizal plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal pea plants showed no significant difference in shoot biomass or photosystem II activity with or without the heavy metal.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- heavy metal (HM)e3
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse3
- Direction
- not significantly differente3
- Comparator
- absence of the heavy metal (HM)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e3“The presence of mycorrhiza attenuated the negative effect of Cd so that shoot biomass and activity of photosystem II, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, were not significantly different between mycorrhizal plants growing in the presence or absence of the heavy metal (HM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total P concentrations did not differ significantly between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pea plants treated with Cd.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale4
- Outcome
- Total P concentrationse4
- Direction
- not significantly differente4
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal plantse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e4“Total P concentrations were not significantly different between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants treated with Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots accumulated 20-50-fold more Cd than shoots of Cd-treated pea plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatede5
- Direction
- moree5
- Value
- 20-50-folde5
- Comparator
- shootse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e5“From 20-50-fold more Cd accumulated in roots than in shoots of Cd-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall Cd levels in pea were comparable to other metal-accumulating plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- overall levelse6
- Direction
- comparablee6
- Comparator
- other metal-accumulating plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e6“overall levels were comparable to other metal-accumulating plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd accumulation varied genetically among the pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea genotypese7
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione7
- Qualifier
- Genetic variabilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e7“Genetic variability in Cd accumulation existed between the pea genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentration of the heavy metal was lowest in roots of VIR4788.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- VIR4788e1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- Concentration of the HMe1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“Concentration of the HM was lowest in roots of VIR4788 and in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentration of the heavy metal was lowest in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- VIR4788 and VIR7128e1
- Organ / stage
- podse1
- Outcome
- Concentration of the HMe1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“Concentration of the HM was lowest in roots of VIR4788 and in pods of VIR4788 and VIR7128”
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus intraradices inoculation decreased Cd accumulation in roots and pods of cv. Frisson.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv. Frissone1
- Organ / stage
- roots and podse1
- Treatment
- G. intraradices inoculatione1
- Interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“G. intraradices inoculation decreased Cd accumulation in roots and pods of cv. Frisson”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal VIR7128 pea plants maintained high Cd concentrations in roots and pods.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- VIR7128e1
- Organ / stage
- roots and podse1
- Outcome
- high concentrationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“whilst high concentrations were maintained in roots and pods of mycorrhizal VIR7128”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Cd concentrations increased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR4788.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv. Frisson and VIR4788e1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale1
- Outcome
- Shoot concentrations of Cde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“Shoot concentrations of Cd increased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR4788”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd sequestration in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- non-mycorrhizal pea genotypese1
- Organ / stage
- root cell walls and/or cytoplasme1
- Outcome
- Sequestration of Cde1
- Direction
- comparablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“Sequestration of Cd in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm, measured by EDS/SEM, was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes but considerably decreased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR7128”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza considerably decreased Cd sequestration in cv. Frisson and VIR7128 relative to non-mycorrhizal plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativumLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- cv. Frisson and VIR7128e1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizale1
- Outcome
- Sequestration of Cde1
- Direction
- considerably decreasede1
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three genotypes of Pisum sativum L. (cv. Frisson, VIR4788, VIR7128)”
e1“Sequestration of Cd in root cell walls and/or cytoplasm, measured by EDS/SEM, was comparable between non-mycorrhizal pea genotypes but considerably decreased in mycorrhizal cv. Frisson and VIR7128”
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