Abstract
Rising cost of fuel and availability of effective package of practices for conservation tillage have now redefined the tillage practices in India in recent past. Hence an experiment was carried out with pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] with an objective of minimizing the inputs originating from non-renewable energy resources like fertil- izer and diesel on a permanent site with 5 main-plot treatments, viz. zero-till (ZT) flat bed (FB) and zero-till (ZT) raised-bed (RB), in that with or without residue retention and conventional tillage (CT) practice, subplots with re- duced recommended fertilizer dose (RDF). Resource-conservation practice of ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDF recorded higher soil-moisture content at all the growth stages than the other prac- tices, which helped plant to produce higher growth characters and SPAD readings and these in turn increased yield parameters like pods, seed weight/plant. Finally, seed yield (1.29 t/ha) and straw yield (4.61 t/ha) were signifi- cantly higher in ZT-RB with CRR than the other practices. Energy and economics showed that the ZT-RB with CRR along with RDF incured lower input energy and cost of cultivation. The gross (`73,104/ha) and net returns (`49,992/ha) and seed output energy (19,612 MJ/ha) were higher in ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDF, but remained at par with 75 and 50% RDF. Looking at sustainable yield index, energetic and economics in resource- conservation practice of ZT-RB with CRR, the nutrient requirement can be reduced up to 50% RDF.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR and 100% RDF raised soil moisture at all growth stages.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane1 - Treatment
- ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDFe0
- Outcome
- soil-moisture contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other prac- ticese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDF recorded higher soil-moisture content at all the growth stages than the other prac- tices”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The conservation treatment increased growth characters and SPAD readings.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane2
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDFe1
- Outcome
- growth characters and SPAD readingse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher growth characters and SPAD readings”
e1“ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDF”
e2“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The conservation treatment increased pods, seed weight/plant.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane2
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDFe1
- Outcome
- pods, seed weight/plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased yield parameters like pods, seed weight/plant”
e1“ZT-RB with crop-residue retention (CRR) along with 100% RDF”
e2“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR significantly increased seed yield.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRRe0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.29 t/hae0
- Comparator
- other practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield (1.29 t/ha) and straw yield (4.61 t/ha) were signifi- cantly higher in ZT-RB with CRR than the other practices”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR significantly increased straw yield.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRRe0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.61 t/hae0
- Comparator
- other practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield (1.29 t/ha) and straw yield (4.61 t/ha) were signifi- cantly higher in ZT-RB with CRR than the other practices”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR and RDF lowered input energy and cultivation cost.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRR along with RDFe0
- Outcome
- input energy and cost of cultivatione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT-RB with CRR along with RDF incured lower input energy and cost of cultivation”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR and 100% RDF gave higher gross.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDFe0
- Outcome
- grosse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- `73,104/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross (`73,104/ha) and net returns (`49,992/ha) and seed output energy (19,612 MJ/ha) were higher in ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDF”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR and 100% RDF gave higher net returns.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDFe0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- `49,992/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross (`73,104/ha) and net returns (`49,992/ha) and seed output energy (19,612 MJ/ha) were higher in ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDF”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
ZT-RB with CRR and 100% RDF gave higher seed output energy.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDFe0
- Outcome
- seed output energye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 19,612 MJ/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross (`73,104/ha) and net returns (`49,992/ha) and seed output energy (19,612 MJ/ha) were higher in ZT-RB with CRR along with 100% RDF”
e1“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nutrient input can fall to 50% RDF with ZT-RB and CRR.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane2
- Treatment
- ZT-RB with CRRe1
- Outcome
- nutrient requirement can be reduced up to 50% RDFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutrient requirement can be reduced up to 50% RDF”
e1“resource- conservation practice of ZT-RB with CRR”
e2“pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]”
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