Abstract
SUMMARY In search of a suitable resource conservation technology under pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L.)–wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the effects of conservation agriculture (CA) on crop productivity and water-use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated during a 3-year study. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT) with planting on permanent narrow beds (PNB), PNB with residue (PNB + R), ZT with planting on permanent broad beds (PBB) and PBB + R. The PBB + R plots had higher pigeonpea grain yield than the CT plots in all 3 years. However, wheat grain yields under all plots were similar in all years except for PBB + R plots in the second year, which had higher wheat yield than CT plots. The contrast analysis showed that pigeonpea grain yield of CA plots was significantly higher than CT plots in the first year. However, both pigeonpea and wheat grain yields during the last 2 years under CA and CT plots were similar. The PBB + R plots had higher system WUE than the CT plots in the second and third years. Plots under CA had significantly higher WUE and significantly lower water use than CT plots in these years. The PBB + R plots had higher WUE than PNB + R and PNB plots. Also, the PBB plots had higher WUE than PNB in the second and third years, despite similar water use. The interactions of bed width and residue management for all parameters in the second and third years were not significant. Those positive impacts under PBB + R plots over CT plots were perceived to be due to no tillage and significantly higher amount of estimated residue retention. Thus, both PBB and PBB + R technologies would be very useful under a pigeonpea–wheat cropping system in this region.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
PBB plus residue increased pigeonpea grain yield relative to CT in all three years.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- PBB + Re0
- Outcome
- pigeonpea grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBB + R plots had higher pigeonpea grain yield than the CT plots in all 3 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield was similar across treatments except PBB plus residue in year two.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- wheat grain yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat grain yields under all plots were similar in all years except for PBB + R plots in the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
PBB plus residue increased second-year wheat yield relative to CT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PBB + Re0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBB + R plots in the second year, which had higher wheat yield than CT plots”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased first-year pigeonpea grain yield relative to CT.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- CA plotse0
- Outcome
- pigeonpea grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigeonpea grain yield of CA plots was significantly higher than CT plots in the first year”
Claim · model-written summary
CA and CT pigeonpea yields were similar in the last two years.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both pigeonpea and wheat grain yields during the last 2 years under CA and CT plots were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
CA and CT wheat yields were similar in the last two years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both pigeonpea and wheat grain yields during the last 2 years under CA and CT plots were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
PBB plus residue increased system WUE over CT in years two and three.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PBB + Re0
- Outcome
- system WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBB + R plots had higher system WUE than the CT plots in the second and third years”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased WUE relative to CT in years two and three.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots under CA had significantly higher WUE and significantly lower water use than CT plots in these years”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CA decreased water use relative to CT in years two and three.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- CT plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots under CA had significantly higher WUE and significantly lower water use than CT plots in these years”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PBB plus residue increased WUE relative to PNB plus residue.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PBB + Re0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PNB + Re0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBB + R plots had higher WUE than PNB + R and PNB plots”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PBB plus residue increased WUE relative to PNB.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PBB + Re0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PNBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBB + R plots had higher WUE than PNB + R and PNB plots”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PBB increased WUE relative to PNB in years two and three.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PBBe0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PNBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBB plots had higher WUE than PNB in the second and third years”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PBB and PNB had similar water use.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite similar water use”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed width and residue interactions were nonsignificant for all parameters in years two and three.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- interactions of bed width and residue managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“interactions of bed width and residue management for all parameters in the second and third years were not significant”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute PBB plus residue benefits to no tillage and more retained residue.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- no tillagee0
- Outcome
- positive impactse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive impacts under PBB + R plots over CT plots were perceived to be due to no tillage and significantly higher amount of estimated residue retention”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend PBB and PBB plus residue for this cropping system.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea–wheatCajanus cajanTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- PBB and PBB + R technologiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both PBB and PBB + R technologies would be very useful under a pigeonpea–wheat cropping system in this region”
t0“pigeonpea–wheat”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
96 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
113 papers more in this group
See all 117 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
297 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,116 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →tillage · physiology: water · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
tillage · yield · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Results agree
24 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.