Abstract
(SMV) seriously harms soybean quality and yield. In order to understand the effect of a heterogeneous light environment on the disease resistance of intercropped soybeans, we simulated three kinds of light environments to learn the effects of white light, blue light, and far-red light on the SMV resistance of soybeans. The results showed that compared with the control, SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense. The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light, the virus content of infected plants was about 90% lower than under white light, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species decreased. The oxidation damage in SMV-infected soybeans was serious under far-red light. Transcriptome data showed that the biostimulatory response, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signaling pathway gene expression of SMV-infected soybeans were significantly up-regulated under red light compared with the control. Compared with the control, the genes in the biostimulatory response, calcium ion binding, carbohydrate-binding, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways, were significantly up-regulated in SMV-infected soybeans under blue light. In far-red light, only 39 genes were differentially expressed in SMV-infected soybeans compared with the control, and most of the genes were down-regulated. Compared with the control, the up-regulation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway defense gene in SMV-infected soybeans under red light was higher than under other light treatments. Compared with the control, the up-regulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathway defense genes in SMV-infected soybeans under blue light was higher than under other light treatments. Compared with the control, most defense-related genes in the SA and JA pathways were inhibited in SMV-infected soybeans under far-red light, while genes in the ET pathway were significantly up-regulated. These results will advance our understanding of the disease resistance mechanism of intercropping soybeans in a heterogeneous light environment and provide new ideas for the prevention and control of viral diseases.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
SMV-infected soybeans were dwarfed relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- SMV-infectede0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- dwarfinge0
- Direction
- dwarfinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the control, SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense”
Claim · model-written summary
SMV-infected soybeans had enhanced defense relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- SMV-infectede0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- defensee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the control, SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light reduced leaf symptoms relative to white light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- symptoms of leavese0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light reduced leaf symptoms relative to white light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- symptoms of leavese0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus content under red light was about 90% lower than under white light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- virus contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- about 90%e0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light, the virus content of infected plants was about 90% lower than under white light”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus content under blue light was about 90% lower than under white light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- virus contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- about 90%e0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light, the virus content of infected plants was about 90% lower than under white light”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“SMV-infected soybeans showed dwarfing and enhanced defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity increased under red light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light, the virus content of infected plants was about 90% lower than under white light, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity increased under blue light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light, the virus content of infected plants was about 90% lower than under white light, the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Reactive oxygen species accumulation decreased under red light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rede1
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species decreased”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light”
Claim · model-written summary
Reactive oxygen species accumulation decreased under blue light.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- blue lighte1
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of antioxidant enzymes increased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species decreased”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“The symptoms of leaves under red and blue light were less severe than those under white light”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light caused serious oxidative damage in SMV-infected soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- oxidation damagee0
- Direction
- seriouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The oxidation damage in SMV-infected soybeans was serious under far-red light”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light significantly upregulated biostimulatory, plant-pathogen interaction, and hormone signaling genes.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the biostimulatory response, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signaling pathway gene expression of SMV-infected soybeans were significantly up-regulated under red light compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light significantly upregulated genes in biostimulatory, calcium binding, carbohydrate binding, MAPK signaling, and plant-pathogen pathways.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genes in the biostimulatory response, calcium ion binding, carbohydrate-binding, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways, were significantly up-regulated in SMV-infected soybeans under blue light”
e1“Compared with the control, the genes in the biostimulatory response”
Claim · model-written summary
Under far-red light only 39 genes were differentially expressed and most were downregulated.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- genese0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Value
- 39 genese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In far-red light, only 39 genes were differentially expressed in SMV-infected soybeans compared with the control, and most of the genes were down-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light yielded greater SA defense gene upregulation than other light treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA) pathway defense genee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other light treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the up-regulation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway defense gene in SMV-infected soybeans under red light was higher than under other light treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light yielded greater JA and ET defense gene upregulation than other light treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathway defense genese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other light treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the up-regulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) pathway defense genes in SMV-infected soybeans under blue light was higher than under other light treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light inhibited most SA and JA defense genes.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Interactor
- SMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- defense-related genes in the SA and JA pathwayse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most defense-related genes in the SA and JA pathways were inhibited in SMV-infected soybeans under far-red light”
e1“Compared with the control, most defense-related genes in the SA and JA pathways were inhibited in SMV-infected soybeans under far-red light”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light significantly upregulated ET pathway genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte1
- Outcome
- genes in the ET pathwaye0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while genes in the ET pathway were significantly up-regulated”
t0“Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus Infection”
e1“Compared with the control, most defense-related genes in the SA and JA pathways were inhibited in SMV-infected soybeans under far-red light”
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