Abstract
Abstract Delayed stem senescence (DSS) in soybean plants is defined as retarded leaf and stem maturity, even if pods mature normally. This phenomenon is a serious problem for the combine harvesting of soybean in Japan. Our previous research showed that DSS occurred more frequently in June sowing than in July sowing, and the plants sown in June were exposed to higher temperature and higher solar radiation intensity during reproductive growth stage as compared to those sown in July. We additionally observed higher levels of cytokinins, plant hormones with senescence inhibition activity, in xylem exudate after pod‐setting stage (R4) under the DSS‐induced condition. Thus, this study investigated the effects of the respective environmental factors, temperature and light intensity, after R4 on cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate and the occurrence of DSS. Pot experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Nihon University (Fujisawa‐city, Kanagawa, Japan). In temperature treatments, soybean plants grown in the field environment were moved to an air‐conditioned room at R4 stage, whereas control of light intensity was achieved by shading using cheese clothes under the field condition. The temperature control experiments revealed that high temperature after R4 promoted the DSS symptom, while low temperature after R4 inhibited the occurrence of DSS. On the other hand, decreased light intensity after R4 did not affect the severity of DSS. The cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate at R5 correlated with the severity of DSS in the temperature treatments, but the change in light intensity did not influence the cytokinin levels. These results indicated that high temperature after pod‐setting stage have a profound effect on the occurrence of DSS, and this effect is mediated by the increased cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature after R4 promoted the delayed stem senescence symptom compared with low temperature.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- high temperature after R4e2
- Outcome
- DSS symptome2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Comparator
- low temperature after R4e2
- Setting
- experimental field of Nihon Universitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“xylem exudate of soybean”
e1“Pot experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Nihon University”
e2“The temperature control experiments revealed that high temperature after R4 promoted the DSS symptom, while low temperature after R4 inhibited the occurrence of DSS”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature after R4 inhibited the occurrence of delayed stem senescence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low temperature after R4e2
- Outcome
- occurrence of DSSe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“xylem exudate of soybean”
e2“The temperature control experiments revealed that high temperature after R4 promoted the DSS symptom, while low temperature after R4 inhibited the occurrence of DSS”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased light intensity after R4 did not affect the severity of delayed stem senescence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- decreased light intensity after R4e3
- Outcome
- severity of DSSe3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“xylem exudate of soybean”
e3“On the other hand, decreased light intensity after R4 did not affect the severity of DSS”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate at R5 correlated with the severity of delayed stem senescence in the temperature treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperature treatmentse1
- Outcome
- cytokinin levels in the xylem exudatee1
- Direction
- correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“xylem exudate of soybean”
e1“The cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate at R5 correlated with the severity of DSS in the temperature treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Change in light intensity did not influence cytokinin levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- change in light intensitye1
- Outcome
- cytokinin levelse1
- Direction
- did not influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“xylem exudate of soybean”
e1“but the change in light intensity did not influence the cytokinin levels”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature after pod-setting increases delayed stem senescence, mediated by increased xylem cytokinin levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee3
- Outcome
- occurrence of DSSe2
- Qualifier
- increased cytokinin levels in the xylem exudatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“xylem exudate of soybean”
e1“this effect is mediated by the increased cytokinin levels in the xylem exudate”
e2“have a profound effect on the occurrence of DSS”
e3“These results indicated that high temperature”
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