Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious threat to food safety and human health. Minimization of Cd uptake and enhancing Cd tolerance in plants are vital to improve crop yield and reduce hazardous effects to humans. In this study, we investigate the effect of a synergistic system with phytohormone (24-Epibrassinolide, EBL) and silicon (Si) on Cd toxicity and accumulation of rice plants. The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance were improved. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was increased and oxidative stress was alleviated. More importantly, Cd content in root was decreased by 20.25%, 17.72% and 27.84%, while Cd content in shoot decreased by 21.17%, 16.47% and 25.88%, respectively. Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles. Meanwhile, the residual form of Cd was enriched and the highly toxic forms of Cd (inorganic and water-soluble Cd) were decreased. The joint application showed better effects than applying Si and EBL alone. Collectively, this study provides an effective way for Cd toxicity mitigation in rice plants.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and their combination increased root and shoot dry weight in rice under Cd, rescuing Cd-induced growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Si, EBL and their combinatione1
- Outcome
- dry weight of root and shoote1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and their combination improved chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in Cd-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and their combinatione1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performancee2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e2“The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance were improved”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and their combination increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) in Cd-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and their combinatione1
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e3“The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was increased and oxidative stress was alleviated”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and their combination alleviated oxidative stress in Cd-stressed rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and their combinatione1
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e3“The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was increased and oxidative stress was alleviated”
Claim · model-written summary
Si decreased Cd content in rice root by 20.25%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- Cd contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 20.25%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e4“Cd content in root was decreased by 20.25%, 17.72% and 27.84%”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL decreased Cd content in rice root by 17.72%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- EBLe1
- Outcome
- Cd contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 17.72%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e4“Cd content in root was decreased by 20.25%, 17.72% and 27.84%”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + EBL decreased Cd content in rice root by 27.84%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- Si + EBLe6
- Outcome
- Cd contente4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 27.84%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e4“Cd content in root was decreased by 20.25%, 17.72% and 27.84%”
e6“Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
Si decreased Cd content in rice shoot by 21.17%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote5
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- Cd contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 21.17%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e5“Cd content in shoot decreased by 21.17%, 16.47% and 25.88%”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL decreased Cd content in rice shoot by 16.47%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote5
- Treatment
- EBLe1
- Outcome
- Cd contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 16.47%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e1“The results revealed that Si, EBL and their combination rescued Cd-induced growth inhibition, as evidenced by the increased dry weight of root and shoot”
e5“Cd content in shoot decreased by 21.17%, 16.47% and 25.88%”
Claim · model-written summary
Si + EBL decreased Cd content in rice shoot by 25.88%.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote5
- Treatment
- Si + EBLe6
- Outcome
- Cd contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 25.88%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e5“Cd content in shoot decreased by 21.17%, 16.47% and 25.88%”
e6“Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and Si + EBL enriched cell wall-bound Cd in rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatmente6
- Outcome
- cell wall-bound Cde6
- Direction
- enrichede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e6“Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and Si + EBL reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles in rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatmente6
- Outcome
- Cd toxicity to functional organellese6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e6“Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and Si + EBL enriched the residual form of Cd in rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatmente6
- Outcome
- residual form of Cde7
- Direction
- enrichede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e6“Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles”
e7“Meanwhile, the residual form of Cd was enriched and the highly toxic forms of Cd (inorganic and water-soluble Cd) were decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Si, EBL and Si + EBL decreased the highly toxic forms of Cd (inorganic and water-soluble Cd) in rice.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatmente6
- Outcome
- highly toxic forms of Cd (inorganic and water-soluble Cd)e7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e6“Moreover, Si, EBL and Si + EBL treatment enriched cell wall-bound Cd and reduced Cd toxicity to functional organelles”
e7“Meanwhile, the residual form of Cd was enriched and the highly toxic forms of Cd (inorganic and water-soluble Cd) were decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The joint application of Si and EBL showed better effects on Cd toxicity mitigation in rice than either Si or EBL alone.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativaOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- joint applicatione7
- Outcome
- effectse7
- Direction
- bettere7
- Comparator
- applying Si and EBL alonee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants”
e7“The joint application showed better effects than applying Si and EBL alone”
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8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.