Abstract
Panicum virgatum and Pennisetum alopecuroides , two non-food bioenergy crops, were evaluated for their capacity to phyto-manage trace metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, Cr, and Cu) from municipal solid waste digestate after its application to a marginal soil. For that, 90-day vertical soil column mesocosm (columns with 0.6 × 0.2 m) experiments were carried out to assess 1) the impact of digestate application on the health of marginal soil, 2) plant effect on digestate-borne trace metals’ mobility along the soil profile (measuring total metal levels and fractionation in different soil layers by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and 3) plant growth performance and trace metal (Pb, Zn, and Cu) uptake capacity. The results showed that trace metals were mostly confined in the 0–0.2 m soil horizon over the course of the experimental period, migrating from the digestate-amended soil layer (0–0.1 m) to the layer underneath (0.1–0.2 m) within the first 21 days and remaining stable afterward. No evidence of the trace metals’ mobility to deeper soil layers was detected. Migration of trace metals was reduced in the presence of P. virgatum and P. alopecuroides , suggesting a phytoremediation (phytostabilization) effect. For both plant species, no trace metal accumulation in the roots was observed (bioconcentration factor <1), although both plants showed a potential for Zn translocation for aboveground tissues (translocation factor >1). The growth of both plants was positively affected by municipal solid waste digestate application, which also improved soil quality (increased concentration of total organic carbon and available phosphorus, as well as cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trace metals were mostly confined in the 0–0.2 m soil horizon over the experimental period.
- Outcome
- trace metals were mostly confined in the 0–0.2 m soil horizone0
- Qualifier
- over the course of the experimental periode0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“trace metals were mostly confined in the 0–0.2 m soil horizon over the course of the experimental period”
Claim · model-written summary
Migration of trace metals was reduced in the presence of Panicum virgatum and Pennisetum alopecuroides.
- Taxon
- P. virgatum and P. alopecuroides
Panicum virgatum.jpg?width=60)
Cenchrus purpurascense2 - Treatment
- in the presence of P. virgatum and P. alopecuroidese2
- Outcome
- Migration of trace metalse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Migration of trace metals was reduced in the presence of P. virgatum and P. alopecuroides”
Claim · model-written summary
No evidence was found of trace metal mobility to deeper soil layers.
- Outcome
- mobility to deeper soil layerse3
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e3“mobility to deeper soil layers was detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither grass accumulated trace metals in the roots (bioconcentration factor <1).
- Taxon
- P. virgatum and P. alopecuroidesPanicum virgatumCenchrus purpurascense2
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Outcome
- trace metal accumulatione4
- Value
- bioconcentration factor <1e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Migration of trace metals was reduced in the presence of P. virgatum and P. alopecuroides”
e4“no trace metal accumulation in the roots was observed (bioconcentration factor <1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both grasses showed a potential for Zn translocation to aboveground tissues (translocation factor >1).
- Taxon
- P. virgatum and P. alopecuroidesPanicum virgatumCenchrus purpurascense2
- Organ / stage
- aboveground tissuese5
- Outcome
- Zn translocatione5
- Value
- translocation factor >1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Migration of trace metals was reduced in the presence of P. virgatum and P. alopecuroides”
e5“a potential for Zn translocation for aboveground tissues (translocation factor >1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of both grasses was positively affected by municipal solid waste digestate application.
- Taxon
- P. virgatum and P. alopecuroidesPanicum virgatumCenchrus purpurascense2
- Treatment
- municipal solid waste digestate applicatione6
- Outcome
- growthe6
- Direction
- positively affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Migration of trace metals was reduced in the presence of P. virgatum and P. alopecuroides”
e6“The growth of both plants was positively affected by municipal solid waste digestate application”
Claim · model-written summary
Digestate application increased total organic carbon and available phosphorus in the soil.
- Treatment
- municipal solid waste digestate applicatione6
- Outcome
- concentration of total organic carbon and available phosphoruse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e6“The growth of both plants was positively affected by municipal solid waste digestate application”
e7“increased concentration of total organic carbon and available phosphorus, as well as cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Digestate application increased cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity of the soil.
- Treatment
- municipal solid waste digestate applicatione6
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacity and water holding capacitye7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e6“The growth of both plants was positively affected by municipal solid waste digestate application”
e7“increased concentration of total organic carbon and available phosphorus, as well as cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Trace metals migrated from the digestate-amended layer to the layer below within the first 21 days.
- Outcome
- migrating from the digestate-amended soil layer (0–0.1 m) to the layer underneath (0.1–0.2 m)e1
- Qualifier
- within the first 21 dayse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“migrating from the digestate-amended soil layer (0–0.1 m) to the layer underneath (0.1–0.2 m) within the first 21 days”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Panicum virgatum (switchgrass)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · growth · Cenchrus purpurascensResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.