Abstract
Ion inclusion or ion exclusion are the two main strategies developed by plants to tolerate saline environments. Shoot sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) in four perennial grass species (tall wheatgrass, Nuttall's alkaligrass, creeping foxtail, and switchgrass) treated with nutrient solution salinity levels ranging from 2 to 32 dS m−1 were measured. As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth suggesting that these species tolerated these changes in shoot ion concentration. In contrast, switchgrass excluded Na+ from the shoot and maintained K+ and Ca2+ concentrations but suffered dramatic shoot dry weight reduction. Thus, the Na+ exclusion mechanisms present in switchgrass were less efficient in maintaining growth under the 10 dS m−1 nutrient solution treatment than the Na+ inclusion mechanisms used by the other three species.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Tall wheatgrass shoot sodium increased as salinity rose from 2 to 10 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- tall wheatgrass
Thinopyrum elongatume0 - Treatment
- nutrient solution salinitye0
- Outcome
- shoot Na+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 2 to 10 dS m−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping foxtail shoot sodium increased as salinity rose from 2 to 10 dS m−1.
Verbatim
e0“As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuttall's alkali grass shoot sodium increased as salinity rose from 2 to 10 dS m−1.
Verbatim
e0“As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall wheatgrass shoot calcium concentration decreased with salinity.
- Taxon
- tall wheatgrassThinopyrum elongatume0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution salinitye0
- Outcome
- Ca2+ concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 2 to 10 dS m−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping foxtail shoot calcium concentration decreased with salinity.
Verbatim
e0“As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuttall's alkali grass shoot calcium concentration decreased with salinity.
Verbatim
e0“As the nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1, tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Tall wheatgrass maintained growth despite altered shoot ion concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall wheatgrassThinopyrum elongatume0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution salinitye1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
- Comparator
- 2 to 10 dS m−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
e1“nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping foxtail maintained growth despite altered shoot ion concentrations.
Verbatim
e0“tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
e1“nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuttall's alkali grass maintained growth despite altered shoot ion concentrations.
Verbatim
e0“tall wheatgrass, creeping foxtail and Nuttall's alkali grass had increased shoot Na+ and decreased Ca2+ concentration while maintaining growth”
e1“nutrient solution salinity was increased from 2 to 10 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Switchgrass excluded sodium from shoots under salinity.
- Taxon
- switchgrass
Panicum virgatume0 - Outcome
- excluded Na+ from the shoote0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“switchgrass excluded Na+ from the shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
Switchgrass maintained shoot potassium and calcium concentrations under salinity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution salinitye1
- Outcome
- K+ and Ca2+ concentrationse0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“switchgrass excluded Na+ from the shoot and maintained K+ and Ca2+ concentrations but suffered dramatic shoot dry weight reduction”
e1“nutrient solution salinity levels ranging from 2 to 32 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Switchgrass shoot dry weight decreased dramatically under salinity.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution salinitye1
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“switchgrass excluded Na+ from the shoot and maintained K+ and Ca2+ concentrations but suffered dramatic shoot dry weight reduction”
e1“nutrient solution salinity levels ranging from 2 to 32 dS m−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude sodium exclusion maintained switchgrass growth less efficiently than sodium inclusion maintained growth in the other three grasses at 10 dS m−1.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- 10 dS m−1 nutrient solution treatmente0
- Outcome
- maintaining growthe0
- Direction
- less efficiente0
- Qualifier
- Na+ exclusion mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Na+ exclusion mechanisms present in switchgrass were less efficient in maintaining growth under the 10 dS m−1 nutrient solution treatment than the Na+ inclusion mechanisms used by the other three species”
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See all 12 papers →fertilization · growth · Thinopyrum elongatum (tall wheatgrass)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.