Abstract
Twisted disease (Fusarium spp.) is an endemic disease that reduces shallot production in the coastal land area of Samas, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The application of Bacillus spp. can suppress the twisted disease by secreting secondary metabolites and enhancing soil suppressiveness. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding spraying Bacillus spp. on the disease incidence, production of shallots, and their effect on the diversity of rhizomicrobiome by culture microbe approaches. Bacillus spp. with a density 108 cfu mL-1, Trichoderma asperellum 106 cfu mL-1 was applied by spraying to the shallot. Fungicide chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and prochloraz were used to control the disease. The diversity of rhizobacteria and fungi was analyzed using the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) method. Based on the analysis result, the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease, but it was able to enhance the production of shallot bulbs reaching 7.10, 7.80, and 8.43 ton ha-1. Furthermore, the result revealed the diversity of the rhizomicrobiome, spraying Bacillus sp. showed 39% differences in bacterial diversity with control while T. asperellum caused 43% difference in the diversity. Spraying Bacillus spp. has not been able to suppress the incidence of twisted diseases compared to control. However, the similar disease incidence on a spraying Bacillus spp. and control showed a higher production until 70% compared to control. This result showed that the addition of spraying Bacillus spp. able to increase the tolerance of shallot plants toward twisted disease.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Additional spraying of B. velezensis B-27, the combination of B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum did not enhance suppression of shallot twisted disease.
- Taxon
- Shallot
Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0 - Treatment
- spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellume0
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis B-27
Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- suppression of twisted diseasee0
- Direction
- unable to enhancee0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease”
e1“Twisted disease (Fusarium spp.)”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying B. velezensis B-27 enhanced shallot bulb production, reaching 7.10 ton ha-1.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- B. velezensis B-27e2
- Interactor
- B. velezensis B-27Bacillus velezensise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- production of shallot bulbse2
- Direction
- enhancee2
- Value
- 7.10e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease, but it was able to enhance the production of shallot bulbs reaching 7.10, 7.80, and 8.43 ton ha-1”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying the combination of B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76 enhanced shallot bulb production, reaching 7.80 ton ha-1.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76e2
- Interactor
- B. velezensis B-27Bacillus velezensise2biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- B. cereus RC76
Bacillus cereuse2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- production of shallot bulbse2
- Direction
- enhancee2
- Value
- 7.80e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease, but it was able to enhance the production of shallot bulbs reaching 7.10, 7.80, and 8.43 ton ha-1”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying T. asperellum enhanced shallot bulb production, reaching 8.43 ton ha-1.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- T. asperellume2
- Interactor
- T. asperellum
Trichoderma asperellume2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- production of shallot bulbse2
- Direction
- enhancee2
- Value
- 8.43 ton ha-1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease, but it was able to enhance the production of shallot bulbs reaching 7.10, 7.80, and 8.43 ton ha-1”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying Bacillus sp. produced a 39% difference in bacterial diversity of the shallot rhizomicrobiome compared with the control.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- spraying Bacillus sp.e3
- Interactor
- Bacillus sp.e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- bacterial diversitye3
- Direction
- differencese3
- Value
- 39%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“spraying Bacillus sp. showed 39% differences in bacterial diversity with control while T. asperellum caused 43% difference in the diversity”
t0“Shallot Rhizomicrobiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying T. asperellum produced a 43% difference in rhizomicrobiome diversity of shallot compared with the control.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- T. asperellume3
- Interactor
- T. asperellumTrichoderma asperellume3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- diversitye3
- Direction
- differencee3
- Value
- 43%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“spraying Bacillus sp. showed 39% differences in bacterial diversity with control while T. asperellum caused 43% difference in the diversity”
t0“Shallot Rhizomicrobiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying Bacillus spp. did not suppress the incidence of twisted disease compared with the control.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying Bacillus spp.e4
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of twisted diseasese4
- Direction
- not been able to suppresse4
- Comparator
- controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Spraying Bacillus spp. has not been able to suppress the incidence of twisted diseases compared to control”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
With disease incidence similar to the control, spraying Bacillus spp. gave production up to 70% higher than the control.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- spraying Bacillus spp.e5
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- productione5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 70%e5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the similar disease incidence on a spraying Bacillus spp. and control showed a higher production until 70% compared to control”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that spraying Bacillus spp. increased the tolerance of shallot plants toward twisted disease.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatume6
- Treatment
- spraying Bacillus spp.e6
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- tolerance of shallot plants toward twisted diseasee6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“the addition of spraying Bacillus spp. able to increase the tolerance of shallot plants toward twisted disease”
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