Abstract
In addition to improving soil quality, the fertilisation of grassland with cattle slurry is often associated with seed dispersal. Most studies focus on the effects of cattle slurry on the germination and early development of weed species, but less is known about how slurry affects the germination process of grasses and forage legumes. The aim of Experiment I of our study was therefore to investigate the influence of soaking time in cattle slurry of different concentrations on Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens. Seeds were soaked in undiluted (100%) and diluted cattle slurries (50% and 25%) for 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days. Experiment II was conducted to study the initial growth of studied plants from seeds soaked in cattle slurry of different concentrations for 14 days. After the germination test, which was carried out under controlled conditions, the germination index (GI) was calculated. The results (Experiment I) show that a short soaking in cattle slurry (14 days) has no negative effect on the germination process for all species. However, a longer soaking resulted in significantly reduced and delayed germination, especially in undiluted slurry for grasses and diluted slurries for clovers. The slurry concentration (Experiment II) only influenced the root growth of L. multiflorum. Seedlings grown from seeds soaked in undiluted slurry had a 17% higher relative root length than the control and developed significantly longer root systems than the other two slurry concentrations.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Four tested species had no negative germination effect after 14 days in slurry.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens
Trifolium repens.jpg?width=60)
Dactylis glomerata
Lolium multiflorum
Trifolium pratensee1 - Treatment
- short soaking in cattle slurry (14 days)e0
- Outcome
- germination processe0
- Direction
- no negative effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“a short soaking in cattle slurry (14 days) has no negative effect on the germination process for all species”
e1“Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer soaking significantly reduced grass and clover germination.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repensTrifolium repensDactylis glomerataLolium multiflorumTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- a longer soakinge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- undiluted slurry for grasses and diluted slurries for cloverse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a longer soaking resulted in significantly reduced and delayed germination, especially in undiluted slurry for grasses and diluted slurries for clovers”
e1“Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer soaking delayed grass and clover germination.
- Taxon
- Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repensTrifolium repensDactylis glomerataLolium multiflorumTrifolium pratensee1
- Treatment
- a longer soakinge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a longer soaking resulted in significantly reduced and delayed germination, especially in undiluted slurry for grasses and diluted slurries for clovers”
e1“Lolium multiflorum, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens”
Claim · model-written summary
Slurry concentration influenced only L. multiflorum root growth among studied plants.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume0
- Treatment
- slurry concentratione0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The slurry concentration (Experiment II) only influenced the root growth of L. multiflorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted slurry increased L. multiflorum relative root length 17% versus control.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume1
- Treatment
- undiluted slurrye0
- Outcome
- relative root lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings grown from seeds soaked in undiluted slurry had a 17% higher relative root length than the control”
e1“L. multiflorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Undiluted slurry produced longer root systems than the two diluted slurry concentrations.
- Taxon
- L. multiflorumLolium multiflorume1
- Treatment
- undiluted slurrye2
- Outcome
- root systemse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- the other two slurry concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developed significantly longer root systems than the other two slurry concentrations”
e1“L. multiflorum”
e2“Seedlings grown from seeds soaked in undiluted slurry”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.