Abstract
Nanoselenium (nano-Se) or melatonin (MT) foliar spray reduces pesticide stress by stimulating plant secondary metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, the effects of nano-Se and MT biofortification on the interaction between plant secondary metabolic pathways and rhizosphere microbes in mitigating 2,4- D butyrate stress remain unknown. Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the MDA (25.0%) and H 2 O 2 (39.3%) contents with 2,4-D butylate exposure. Importantly, they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels. It also improved the beneficial microbial abundance of Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, nano-Se and MT alleviate 2,4-D butylate stress in wheat plants by enabling the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms, allelopathic substances, and secondary metabolites.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nano-Se and melatonin application increased antioxidant enzyme activities in 2,4-D butylate-stressed wheat compared with either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- nano-Se or MT treatment alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nano-Se and melatonin application decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 25.0% in 2,4-D butylate-stressed wheat compared with either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- MDAe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Value
- 25.0%e2
- Comparator
- nano-Se or MT treatment alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e2“decreased the MDA (25.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nano-Se and melatonin application decreased H2O2 content by 39.3% in 2,4-D butylate-stressed wheat compared with either treatment alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2e3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 39.3%e3
- Comparator
- nano-Se or MT treatment alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e3“decreased the MDA (25.0%) and H 2 O 2 (39.3%) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin combined application enhanced soil enzyme activity (S-FDA) by 53.1% in 2,4-D butylate-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- soil enzymese4
- Direction
- enhancee4
- Value
- 53.1%e4
- Qualifier
- S-FDAe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e4“they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin combined application enhanced the allelochemical luteolin by 164.1% in 2,4-D butylate-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- luteoline5
- Direction
- enhancee5
- Value
- 164.1%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e5“they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin combined application enhanced the allelochemical tricin by 147.3% in 2,4-D butylate-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- tricine5
- Direction
- enhancee5
- Value
- 147.3%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e5“they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin combined application enhanced jasmonic acid (JA) by 63.3% in wheat leaves under 2,4-D butylate stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- JAe5
- Direction
- enhancee5
- Value
- 63.3%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e5“they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin combined application enhanced jasmonic acid (JA) by 193.3% in wheat roots under 2,4-D butylate stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Outcome
- JAe5
- Direction
- enhancee5
- Value
- 193.3%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e5“they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin combined application improved the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere microbes Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Rhodobacteraceae in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nano-Se and MT combined applicatione1
- Interactor
- Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and RhodobacteraceaeParacoccaceaeSphingomonadaceaeComamonadaceaee6other
- Outcome
- beneficial microbial abundancee6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- rhizosphere soile6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e1“Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities”
e6“It also improved the beneficial microbial abundance of Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae in the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-Se and melatonin alleviate 2,4-D butylate stress in wheat by enabling interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms, allelopathic substances and secondary metabolites (authors interpretation).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- alleviate 2,4-D butylate stresse7
- Qualifier
- by enabling the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms, allelopathic substances, and secondary metabolitese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Stress in Wheat Plants”
e7“alleviate 2,4-D butylate stress in wheat plants by enabling the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms, allelopathic substances, and secondary metabolites”
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