Abstract
Melatonin is a universal regulator modulating plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. The alteration and potential roles of melatonin in mediating aluminum (Al) tolerance were investigated in two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance. Using the high-resolution mass spectrometry, we observed that melatonin contents in Xi Aimai-1 were 1.7-fold higher than that in Yangmai-5. Application of melatonin conferred Al resistance in both genotypes. Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants. Additionally, melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, respectively. Malate efflux, however, was not altered by melatonin under Al stress. The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment; but suppressed by melatonin. Melatonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA, significantly increased the amount of the Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype, whereas exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al content in the sensitive genotype. These results suggest that melatonin alleviated Al toxicity through augmenting antioxidants and inducing antioxidant enzymes to control ROS and enhancing exclusion of Al from root apex by altering cell wall polysaccharides in wheat.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Xi Aimai-1 melatonin content was 1.7-fold higher than Yangmai-5.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Xi Aimai-1e0
- Outcome
- melatonin contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.7-folde0
- Comparator
- Yangmai-5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin contents in Xi Aimai-1 were 1.7-fold higher than that in Yangmai-5”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin conferred Al resistance in both wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Application of melatonine0
- Outcome
- Al resistancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin conferred Al resistance in both genotypes.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin reduced ROS accumulation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulatione0
- Direction
- scavengede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteinse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Qualifier
- stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased root-tip Al by 19.0% in Xi Aimai-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Xi Aimai-1e0
- Treatment
- melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- root tip-Al contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, respectively.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreased root-tip Al by 15.5% in Yangmai-5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Yangmai-5e0
- Treatment
- melatonin treatmente0
- Outcome
- root tip-Al contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, respectively.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin did not alter malate efflux under Al stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- Malate effluxe0
- Direction
- not alterede0
- Qualifier
- under Al stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malate efflux, however, was not altered by melatonin under Al stress.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Al increased cell wall polysaccharide amount and pectin methylesterase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin suppressed cell wall polysaccharide amount and pectin methylesterase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activitye0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment; but suppressed by melatonin.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
p-CPA increased Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- tolerant genotypee0
- Treatment
- p-CPAe0
- Outcome
- Al binding in cell wallse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Melatonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA, significantly increased the amount of the Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al in the sensitive genotype.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- sensitive genotypee0
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine0
- Outcome
- cell wall Al contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al content in the sensitive genotype.”
e1“two wheat genotypes”
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