Abstract
The current study aimed to improve the nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) of maize under the application of balanced proportions of ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N) (1:1), as well as to determine economic impacts of such fertilizers on maize productivity. A 3-year field study was carried out in Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan during the 2018–2020 growing seasons with autumn maize. In parallel, multi-location field experiments were conducted at farmer’s fields in Sahiwal during the same growing seasons with autumn maize. The trials compared the effects of different fertilizers like urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), Sarsabz nitrophos (NP), nitrphos plus (NP Plus), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) on maize growth and yield, as well their economic efficiency. The results revealed that the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively. In addition, the combined application of NP and CAN increased the total N and NO3−-N concentrations, whereas it decreased the NH4+-N concentrations in the soils. By contrast, NP + CAN increased the NH4+-N concentrations in maize leaves as compared to NO3−-N concentrations. Overall, the NRE of maize plants and the net return were higher under combined application of NP and CAN. In conclusion, CAN fertilizer increased the soil NO3−-N concentrations, which thus assimilated in the plants as NH4+ and improved the NRE of maize. Improved NRE thus enhanced maize yield and resulted in the maximum net return as compared to all other fertilizer combinations.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz NP and CAN increased maize grain yield by 30% compared with control.
- Treatment
- Sarsabz NP and CANe1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 30%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz NP and CAN increased maize grain yield by 13% compared with NP + urea.
- Treatment
- Sarsabz NP and CANe1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13%e1
- Comparator
- NP + ureae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz NP and CAN increased maize grain yield by 15% compared with NP Plus + CAN.
- Treatment
- Sarsabz NP and CANe1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15%e1
- Comparator
- NP Plus + CANe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz NP and CAN increased maize grain yield by 19% compared with NP Plus + urea.
- Treatment
- Sarsabz NP and CANe1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19%e1
- Comparator
- NP Plus + ureae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz NP and CAN increased maize grain yield by 15% compared with DAP + urea.
- Treatment
- Sarsabz NP and CANe1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15%e1
- Comparator
- DAP + ureae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sarsabz NP and CAN increased maize grain yield by 9% compared with DAP + CAN.
- Treatment
- Sarsabz NP and CANe1
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9%e1
- Comparator
- DAP + CANe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of Sarsabz NP and CAN increased the maize grain yield by 30%, 13%, 15%, 19%, 15%, and 9% as compared to the control, NP + urea, NP Plus + CAN, NP Plus + urea, DAP + urea, and DAP + CAN, respectively”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP and CAN application increases total N and NO3−-N concentrations in soil.
- Treatment
- combined application of NP and CANe2
- Outcome
- total N and NO3−-N concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the combined application of NP and CAN increased the total N and NO3−-N concentrations, whereas it decreased the NH4+-N concentrations in the soils”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NP and CAN application decreases NH4+-N concentrations in soil.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the combined application of NP and CAN increased the total N and NO3−-N concentrations, whereas it decreased the NH4+-N concentrations in the soils”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
NP + CAN increases NH4+-N concentrations in maize leaves compared with NO3−-N concentrations.
- Organ / stage
- maize leavese3
- Treatment
- NP + CANe3
- Outcome
- NH4+-N concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- NO3−-N concentrationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“By contrast, NP + CAN increased the NH4+-N concentrations in maize leaves as compared to NO3−-N concentrations”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen recovery efficiency and net return of maize are higher under combined NP and CAN application.
- Treatment
- combined application of NP and CANe4
- Outcome
- NRE of maize plants and the net returne4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Overall, the NRE of maize plants and the net return were higher under combined application of NP and CAN”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
CAN fertilizer increases soil NO3−-N, which is assimilated as NH4+ and improves maize NRE.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“CAN fertilizer increased the soil NO3−-N concentrations, which thus assimilated in the plants as NH4+ and improved the NRE of maize”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize net return is maximal compared with all other fertilizer combinations.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Improved NRE thus enhanced maize yield and resulted in the maximum net return as compared to all other fertilizer combinations”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved nitrogen recovery efficiency enhances maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Improved NRE thus enhanced maize yield and resulted in the maximum net return as compared to all other fertilizer combinations”
t0“Enhance Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield”
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