Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutm L.) is a major fiber crop of Pakistan. Weeds are undesirable plants which impact growth and yield of cotton. Weeds can be decreased by applying various types of mulching, water extracts of allelopathic plants, including sorghum, sunflower and herbicide treatment. The present investigation was designed to assess the effect of different mulching practices on weeds and yield attributes of cotton variety Sindh-1 was conducted at Cotton Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Tando Jam, during the year 2017, throughout Kharif season, 2017, in triplicate with a (RCBD) with net plot size of 4m x 3m (12m-2). The experiment comprised cotton variety Sindh-1 and two mulching materials such as wheat chaff and banana leaves, each applied at 12 t ha-1 and a check without mulching treatment. Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material. The same treatment produced the maximum leaf area (134.60 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.40 cm). The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1. It is determined that mulching with banana leaves (12 tons ha-1) considerably increased agronomic and physiological characters of cotton variety Sindh-1 and reduced the weeds, as compared to mulching material of wheat straw @ 12 t. ha-1 and control (untreated). Thus, it is suggested that mulching with banana leaves must be added in weed management strategy of cotton.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton plant height (128.63 cm).
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 128.63 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- sympodial branches plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 19.63e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton opened bolls plant-1 (46.98).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- opened bolls plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 46.98e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton weight of seed cotton (2.60).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- weight of seed cottone0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- weight of seed cotton plant-1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 112.46 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton seed index (8.72 g).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- seed indexe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 8.72 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5300 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton staple length (29.00 mm).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- staple lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 29.00 mme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- ginning out-turn ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 33.59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton oil content (22.49%).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 22.49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study disclosed that the maximum plant height (128.63 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (19.63), opened bolls plant-1 (46.98), weight of seed cotton (2.60), weight of seed cotton plant-1 (112.46 g), seed index (8.72 g), seed cotton yield (5300 kg ha-1), staple length (29.00 mm), ginning out-turn ratio (33.59%) and oil content (22.49%) were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton leaf area (134.60 cm-2).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 134.60 cm-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment produced the maximum leaf area (134.60 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.40 cm).”
e1“were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch produced maximum cotton leaf area index (4.40 cm).
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale1
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.40 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment produced the maximum leaf area (134.60 cm-2), and leaf area index (4.40 cm).”
e1“were noted in banana leaves as mulching material.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch gave minimum weed density (55.67 m-2) in cotton Sindh-1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 55.67 m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch gave minimum weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) in cotton Sindh-1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed freshe0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 293.80 g m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch gave minimum dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) in cotton Sindh-1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 134.30 g m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana leaf mulch gave maximum weed control (77.84%) in cotton Sindh-1.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Sindh-1t0
- Treatment
- banana leaves as mulching materiale0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 77.84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum weed density (55.67 m-2), weed fresh (293.80 g m-2) and dry biomass (134.30 g m-2) with maximum weed control (77.84%) was recorded with banana leaves as mulching material in Sindh-1.”
t0“Cotton Variety Sindh-1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend banana leaf mulching for cotton weed management.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- mulching with banana leavese0
- Outcome
- weed management strategy of cottone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, it is suggested that mulching with banana leaves must be added in weed management strategy of cotton.”
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