Abstract
Induced mutation is an important and fast tool of breeding in ornamental plants as the variation in phenotypic characters like flower colour, shape and size, and leaf variegation can be easily detected. In addition, the heterozygous nature of chrysanthemum offers high mutation frequency. An experiment to determine the optimum dose of mutagens required for inducing variability and to determine the level of LD50 dose of mutagens in chrysanthemum cultivar Dolly Pink. The experiment comprised of two types of mutagens viz., ethyl methyl sulphonate (0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25%), and gamma rays (10, 20, 30 and 40 Gy) including control (no mutagenic treatment), laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control. On the other hand, EMS (0.10%) showed maximum plant spread (27.50 cm), branch length (26.90 cm) as compared to control. EMS was found to create more morphological variation in chrysanthemum than gamma rays. Two mutants with altered flower colour and one mutant with altered leaf morphology were obtained at 0.10 per cent and 0.15 per cent EMS, respectively. Whereas one leaf mutant was produced from gamma rays applied at 30 Gy. Based on probit analysis, LD50 dose for gamma rays and EMS was found to be 26.57 Gy and 0.137 per cent, respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum plant height (40.54 cm) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)
.jpeg?width=60)
Chrysanthemumt0 - Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 40.54 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum leaf length (5.62cm) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.62cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum leaf width (4.03 cm) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- leaf widthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.03 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum number of branches per plant (30.80) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 30.80e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum stem thickness (3.74 mm) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- stem thicknesse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.74 mme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum diameter of flower head (5.43cm) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- diameter of flower heade0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.43cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum flower weight (1.71 g) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- flower weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.71 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum pedicel length (4.50 cm) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- pedicel lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.50 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum number of flowers per plant (42.33) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 42.33e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave maximum chrysanthemum flower yield per plant (57.31 g) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- flower yield per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 57.31 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave minimum chrysanthemum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- days taken to appearance of first flower bude0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 49.63 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 Gy, gamma rays gave minimum chrysanthemum opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) relative to control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Gamma rays (10 Gy)e0
- Outcome
- opening of first flower bude0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 77.59 dayse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gamma rays (10 Gy) significantly improved most of the vegetative and flowering parameters by recording maximum plant height (40.54 cm), leaf length (5.62cm), leaf width (4.03 cm), number of branches per plant (30.80), stem thickness (3.74 mm), diameter of flower head (5.43cm), flower weight (1.71 g), pedicel length (4.50 cm), number of flowers per plant (42.33), flower yield per plant (57.31 g) and minimum days taken to appearance of first flower bud (49.63 days) and opening of first flower bud (77.59 days) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EMS at 0.10% gave maximum chrysanthemum plant spread (27.50 cm) versus control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- EMS (0.10%)e0
- Outcome
- plant spreade0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 27.50 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, EMS (0.10%) showed maximum plant spread (27.50 cm), branch length (26.90 cm) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EMS at 0.10% gave maximum chrysanthemum branch length (26.90 cm) versus control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- EMS (0.10%)e0
- Outcome
- branch lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 26.90 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the other hand, EMS (0.10%) showed maximum plant spread (27.50 cm), branch length (26.90 cm) as compared to control.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EMS created more chrysanthemum morphological variation than gamma rays.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemume0
- Treatment
- EMSe0
- Outcome
- morphological variatione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- gamma rayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EMS was found to create more morphological variation in chrysanthemum than gamma rays.”
Claim · model-written summary
EMS yielded Two mutants with altered flower colour.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.10 per cente0
- Outcome
- altered flower coloure0
- Value
- Two mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two mutants with altered flower colour and one mutant with altered leaf morphology were obtained at 0.10 per cent and 0.15 per cent EMS, respectively.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
EMS yielded one mutant with altered leaf morphology.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- 0.15 per cent EMSe0
- Outcome
- altered leaf morphologye0
- Value
- one mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two mutants with altered flower colour and one mutant with altered leaf morphology were obtained at 0.10 per cent and 0.15 per cent EMS, respectively.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Gamma rays at 30 Gy produced one chrysanthemum leaf mutant.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- gamma rays applied at 30 Gye0
- Outcome
- leaf mutante0
- Value
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Whereas one leaf mutant was produced from gamma rays applied at 30 Gy.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated chrysanthemum LD50 for gamma rays was 26.57 Gy.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- gamma rayse0
- Outcome
- LD50 dosee0
- Value
- 26.57 Gye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on probit analysis, LD50 dose for gamma rays and EMS was found to be 26.57 Gy and 0.137 per cent, respectively.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated chrysanthemum LD50 for EMS was 0.137 per cent.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)Chrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- EMSe0
- Outcome
- LD50 dosee0
- Value
- 0.137 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on probit analysis, LD50 dose for gamma rays and EMS was found to be 26.57 Gy and 0.137 per cent, respectively.”
t0“chrysanthemum (Dandrenthema grandiflora L.)”
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