Abstract
With the goal to develop management tools to mitigate the severity of shoot blight on pear caused by Erwinia amylovora and prevent fire blight canker development from infected shoots on pear tree wood, we evaluated five preventive treatments in inoculated experiments over 2-years. We focused on foliar spray and trunk injection applications of extract of giant knotweed, Reynoutria sachalinensis (RSE), as a plant resistance activator candidate and on comparisons to antibiotics. Five foliar applications of RSE (2.24 L/ha) on 6-year-old trees of cultivar ‘Bartlett’ resulted in 100% control of shoot blight severity and canker incidence in both years of evaluation. The RSE trunk injection in fall of the first year did not control the disease allowing 75% of shoot severity and 38.5% of canker incidence. The opposite happened in the second year, when we injected RSE in spring, providing 85.7% control of shoot blight severity and 89.8% control of canker incidence. Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year. In the first year, both antibiotics, OTC (trunk injection and foliar spray) and STM were effective, providing 94.8%, 100% and 86.3% control of shoot blight, respectively. They also provided 100, 91 and 84% control of canker incidence, respectively. However, in the second they were not effective allowing 69 – 96% of shoot blight severity and 70 – 92% of canker incidence. Regardless of the inconsistency in the effectiveness of antibiotics, which are not recommended for shoot blight control due to risks of promoting antibiotic resistance, five preventive spray applications of RSE could be used on pear trees to prevent shoot blight and canker development. Thus, the RSE spray program we developed could serve as a valuable control tool that could help prevent sudden outbreaks of shoot blight during summer and pear tree death from fire blight cankers with no risk for pathogen resistance.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Five RSE foliar applications gave 100% shoot blight severity control in both years.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Material
- ‘Bartlett’e0
- Treatment
- Five foliar applications of RSE (2.24 L/ha)e0
- Outcome
- shoot blight severitye0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Five foliar applications of RSE (2.24 L/ha) on 6-year-old trees of cultivar ‘Bartlett’ resulted in 100% control of shoot blight severity and canker incidence in both years of evaluation.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Five RSE foliar applications gave 100% canker incidence control in both years.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Material
- ‘Bartlett’e0
- Treatment
- Five foliar applications of RSE (2.24 L/ha)e0
- Outcome
- canker incidencee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Five foliar applications of RSE (2.24 L/ha) on 6-year-old trees of cultivar ‘Bartlett’ resulted in 100% control of shoot blight severity and canker incidence in both years of evaluation.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall RSE trunk injection left 75% shoot severity.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- RSE trunk injection in falle0
- Outcome
- shoot severitye0
- Direction
- did not controle0
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RSE trunk injection in fall of the first year did not control the disease allowing 75% of shoot severity and 38.5% of canker incidence.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall RSE trunk injection left 38.5% canker incidence.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- RSE trunk injection in falle0
- Outcome
- canker incidencee0
- Direction
- did not controle0
- Value
- 38.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RSE trunk injection in fall of the first year did not control the disease allowing 75% of shoot severity and 38.5% of canker incidence.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring RSE trunk injection controlled shoot blight severity by 85.7%.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- injected RSE in springe0
- Outcome
- shoot blight severitye0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 85.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we injected RSE in spring, providing 85.7% control of shoot blight severity and 89.8% control of canker incidence.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring RSE trunk injection controlled canker incidence by 89.8%.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- injected RSE in springe0
- Outcome
- canker incidencee0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 89.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we injected RSE in spring, providing 85.7% control of shoot blight severity and 89.8% control of canker incidence.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiotics gave inconsistent control across years.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM)e0
- Outcome
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year OTC trunk injection controlled shoot blight by 94.8%.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- OTC (trunk injectione0
- Outcome
- shoot blighte0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 94.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both antibiotics, OTC (trunk injection and foliar spray) and STM were effective, providing 94.8%, 100% and 86.3% control of shoot blight, respectively.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year OTC foliar spray controlled shoot blight by 100%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both antibiotics, OTC (trunk injection and foliar spray) and STM were effective, providing 94.8%, 100% and 86.3% control of shoot blight, respectively.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year STM controlled shoot blight by 86.3%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both antibiotics, OTC (trunk injection and foliar spray) and STM were effective, providing 94.8%, 100% and 86.3% control of shoot blight, respectively.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year OTC trunk injection controlled canker incidence by 100%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also provided 100, 91 and 84% control of canker incidence, respectively.”
t1“Proof of concept for management of shoot blight and fire blight cankers on pear with preventive spray applications of giant knotweed extract”
e1“Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year OTC foliar spray controlled canker incidence by 91%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also provided 100, 91 and 84% control of canker incidence, respectively.”
t1“Proof of concept for management of shoot blight and fire blight cankers on pear with preventive spray applications of giant knotweed extract”
e1“Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
First-year STM controlled canker incidence by 84%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also provided 100, 91 and 84% control of canker incidence, respectively.”
t1“Proof of concept for management of shoot blight and fire blight cankers on pear with preventive spray applications of giant knotweed extract”
e1“Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year antibiotic treatments left 69–96% shoot blight severity.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- antibioticse1
- Outcome
- shoot blight severitye0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
- Value
- 69 – 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the second they were not effective allowing 69 – 96% of shoot blight severity and 70 – 92% of canker incidence.”
t1“Proof of concept for management of shoot blight and fire blight cankers on pear with preventive spray applications of giant knotweed extract”
e1“Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
Second-year antibiotic treatments left 70–92% canker incidence.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- antibioticse1
- Outcome
- canker incidencee0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
- Value
- 70 – 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the second they were not effective allowing 69 – 96% of shoot blight severity and 70 – 92% of canker incidence.”
t1“Proof of concept for management of shoot blight and fire blight cankers on pear with preventive spray applications of giant knotweed extract”
e1“Antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and streptomycin (STM) did not provide consistent control in the second year in comparison to the first year.”
t0“on pear”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend five preventive RSE sprays for shoot blight and canker prevention.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise0
- Outcome
- five preventive spray applications of RSEe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“five preventive spray applications of RSE could be used on pear trees to prevent shoot blight and canker development.”
The same questions in other papers
oxytetracycline · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
antimicrobial agent · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
streptomycin · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
application · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.