Abstract
Fire blight has been a serious problem and destructive disease in pear orchards. The first appearance of the disease at Mammal EI-Kezaz in the region between Alexandria and Damanhur provinces was proved in 1964. However, in 1982 sever outbreak of fire blight in the Nile Delta of Egypt was noticed. The disease spread rapidly in most governorates and as a consequence of the disease numerous orchards has been eradicated. The identification of twenty-three isolates obtained during this study was preformed by traditional bacteriological tests, BIOLOG system and serological techniques (dotimmunobinding assay, DIA and immunoflourescens test, IF). Diseased pear tissues with typical fire blight symptoms showed positive reaction with DIA and IF using the specific antiserum of Erwinia emyaovcre. All tested chemical compounds and antibiotics decreased growth of E. Amy%vora and disease severity on immature pear fruitlets, in vitro. Starner 20% (oxolinic acid) and nalidixic acid 20% were the most effective on the growth of E. Amy/ovora and disease severity. Meanwhile, Kocide 101, Kocide 2000, Copper oxychloride 50%, Agrimycin 17, (Strptomycin sulfate), Apromycin 20% were moderately effective and Kasugamycin was less effective. Field experiments were conducted using Le Conte pear cultivar during 2001, 2002 growing season at Kalubia governorate. Int&gration between organic manure, mineral fertilizers (NPK) and Agrimycin 17 or Starner 20% greatly reduced the number of infected clusters and significantly increased pear yield compared with the control treatment. No differences were found between the copper compounds which used spraying in dormancy stage. In order to develop a management strategy to control fire blight in orchard., an integrated approach was adopted using organic manure, mineral fertilizers and bactericides during blooming.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fire blight spread rapidly across governorates and orchards were eradicated.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The disease spread rapidly in most governorates and as a consequence of the disease numerous orchards has been eradicated”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased pear tissue reacted positively in DIA and IF diagnostic tests.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communise0 - Interactor
- Erwinia emyaovcree0pathogen
- Outcome
- positive reactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Diseased pear tissues with typical fire blight symptoms showed positive reaction with DIA and IF using the specific antiserum of Erwinia emyaovcre”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested chemicals and antibiotics reduced disease severity on immature pear fruitlets.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise0
- Organ / stage
- immature pear fruitletse0
- Treatment
- chemical compounds and antibioticse0
- Interactor
- E. Amy%vorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tested chemical compounds and antibiotics decreased growth of E. Amy%vora and disease severity on immature pear fruitlets, in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Starner 20% and nalidixic acid were most effective against fire blight severity.
- Treatment
- Starner 20%e0
- Interactor
- E. Amy/ovorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Starner 20% (oxolinic acid) and nalidixic acid 20% were the most effective on the growth of E. Amy/ovora and disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated manure, fertilizer and bactericide treatment greatly reduced infected clusters.
- Treatment
- organic manure, mineral fertilizers (NPK) and Agrimycin 17 or Starner 20%e0
- Outcome
- number of infected clusterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Int&gration between organic manure, mineral fertilizers (NPK) and Agrimycin 17 or Starner 20% greatly reduced the number of infected clusters”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated manure, fertilizer and bactericide treatment significantly increased pear yield versus control.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise0
- Treatment
- organic manure, mineral fertilizers (NPK) and Agrimycin 17 or Starner 20%e0
- Outcome
- pear yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Int&gration between organic manure, mineral fertilizers (NPK) and Agrimycin 17 or Starner 20% greatly reduced the number of infected clusters and significantly increased pear yield compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormant sprays with different copper compounds did not differ.
- Organ / stage
- dormancy stagee0
- Treatment
- copper compoundse0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- No differencese0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“No differences were found between the copper compounds which used spraying in dormancy stage”
The same questions in other papers
antimicrobial agent · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →fertilization · yield · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →organic · yield · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.