Abstract
ABSTRACT We evaluated effects of both physical and biological components of the environment on growth of Pantoea agglomerans on inoculated pear and apple blossoms and on spread of the bacterium to blossoms on non-inoculated trees. The center three rows of 0.35- to 0.5-ha blocks of four pear cultivars and four apple cultivars were sprayed with a suspension of streptomycin-resistant P. agglomerans strain C9-1S (C9-1S) at 20 to 60% and 60 to 90% bloom. Cultivars were chosen to create a sequence of continuous bloom from late March (d'Anjou pear) through mid-May (Red Rome apple). Each cultivar block was quartered into plots; two plots were treated twice with streptomycin sulfate near mid- and full bloom to suppress populations of indigenous bacterial epiphytes and the other two plots were treated with water. Colonization of blossoms by C9-1S and by indigenous bacterial epiphytes were monitored on inoculated trees and along transects of noninoculated trees. Immediately after spraying, C9-1S was detected principally on blossoms sampled from inoculated trees. As bloom progressed, trees up to 18 m from inoculated trees had high proportions of blossoms colonized by C9-1S. Streptomycin significantly (P </= 0.05) reduced incidence of isolation and size of detectable populations of culturable bacteria (indigenous bacteria plus C9-1S) from pear blossoms in 1998 and from apple blossoms in both 1998 and 1999, but the antibiotic treatment did not affect incidence of isolation, size of detectable populations, or spread of C9-1S compared to the water-treated control in any experiment. Across all cultivars, relative area under the curve for size of detectable populations of C9-1S on inoculated trees and for incidence of isolation of C9-1S from noninoculated trees was positively correlated with mean degree hours per day during bloom (r= 0.61 to 0.73) and negatively correlated with the proportion of days with rain (r = -0.79 to -0.84). The results indicate that establishment and growth of C9-1S on pome fruit flowers was not strongly affected by streptomycin or by competition from indigenous bacterial epiphytes and, as with Erwinia amylovora, temperature is an important environmental variable affecting successful spread of this biological control agent from blossom to blossom.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
C9-1S was detected principally on blossoms sampled from inoculated trees immediately after spraying.
- Taxon
- Pear and Apple
Malus domestica_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Interactor
- C9-1Se1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- was detected principally on blossoms sampled from inoculated treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Blossoms of Pear and Apple”
e1“Immediately after spraying, C9-1S was detected principally on blossoms sampled from inoculated trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees up to 18 m from inoculated trees had high proportions of blossoms colonized by C9-1S as bloom progressed.
- Taxon
- Pear and AppleMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Interactor
- C9-1Se2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- proportions of blossoms colonized by C9-1Se2
- Qualifier
- up to 18 m from inoculated treese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Blossoms of Pear and Apple”
e2“As bloom progressed, trees up to 18 m from inoculated trees had high proportions of blossoms colonized by C9-1S”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomycin reduced incidence and population size of culturable bacteria on pear blossoms in 1998.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise1
- Treatment
- Streptomycine1
- Outcome
- incidence of isolation and size of detectable populations of culturable bacteriae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- in 1998e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Streptomycin significantly (P </= 0.05) reduced incidence of isolation and size of detectable populations of culturable bacteria (indigenous bacteria plus C9-1S) from pear blossoms in 1998”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomycin reduced incidence and population size of culturable bacteria on apple blossoms in 1998 and 1999.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae2
- Treatment
- Streptomycine1
- Outcome
- incidence of isolation and size of detectable populations of culturable bacteriae1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- in both 1998 and 1999e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Streptomycin significantly (P </= 0.05) reduced incidence of isolation and size of detectable populations of culturable bacteria (indigenous bacteria plus C9-1S)”
e2“from apple blossoms in both 1998 and 1999”
Claim · model-written summary
The antibiotic treatment did not change incidence of isolation, population size or spread of C9-1S relative to water-treated controls.
- Taxon
- Pear and AppleMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- antibiotic treatmente3
- Interactor
- C9-1Se3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- incidence of isolation, size of detectable populations, or spread of C9-1Se3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- water-treated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Blossoms of Pear and Apple”
e3“but the antibiotic treatment did not affect incidence of isolation, size of detectable populations, or spread of C9-1S compared to the water-treated control in any experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative area under the curve for C9-1S population size on inoculated trees was positively correlated with mean degree hours per day during bloom.
- Taxon
- Pear and AppleMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- mean degree hours per day during bloome4
- Interactor
- C9-1Se4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative area under the curve for size of detectable populations of C9-1S on inoculated treese4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
- Value
- r= 0.61 to 0.73e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Blossoms of Pear and Apple”
e4“relative area under the curve for size of detectable populations of C9-1S on inoculated trees and for incidence of isolation of C9-1S from noninoculated trees was positively correlated with mean degree hours per day during bloom (r= 0.61 to 0.73)”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative area under the curve for C9-1S on inoculated trees was negatively correlated with the proportion of days with rain.
- Taxon
- Pear and AppleMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- proportion of days with raine5
- Interactor
- C9-1Se4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative area under the curve for size of detectable populations of C9-1S on inoculated treese4
- Direction
- negatively correlatede5
- Value
- r = -0.79 to -0.84e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Blossoms of Pear and Apple”
e4“relative area under the curve for size of detectable populations of C9-1S on inoculated trees and for incidence of isolation of C9-1S from noninoculated trees was positively correlated with mean degree hours per day during bloom (r= 0.61 to 0.73)”
e5“and negatively correlated with the proportion of days with rain (r = -0.79 to -0.84)”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature appears to be an important environmental variable affecting successful spread of the biological control agent from blossom to blossom, as with Erwinia amylovora.
- Taxon
- Pear and AppleMalus domesticaPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- temperaturee6
- Outcome
- successful spread of this biological control agent from blossom to blossome6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Blossoms of Pear and Apple”
e6“temperature is an important environmental variable affecting successful spread of this biological control agent from blossom to blossom”
The same questions in other papers
antimicrobial agent · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
antimicrobial agent · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
streptomycin · disease · Pyrus communis (pear)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
streptomycin · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.