Abstract
Salinity severely reduced crop productivity. In this work, the effectiveness of Spirulina platensis (100 mg/l) as a foliar growth stimulator was tested for its ability to reduce the harmful effect of salinity on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. The experiment was divided into four groups as follows: G1 (control), G2 (200 mM NaCl), G3 (100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis), and G4 (200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis). The results declared that shoot weight, plant height, leaves number, during the vegetative growth stage, pods number/plant, seed number/pod, pods weight during fruiting stage, as well as content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a+b, 100-seed weights, photosynthetic activity (assimilation of 14CO2), and total protein content reduced considerablyin salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris. When compared to salt-stressed plants, the above metrics were enhanced by G4. In comparison to the control, the presence of salinity increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline, transpiration rate, and total phenol. Additionally, compared to plants under salt stress, G4 application (200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis) decreased the aforementioned metrics. Treatments of Phaseolus vulgaris with 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis considerably increased the macronutrient content and decreased the Na+ and Cl− levels as compared to G2. Obtained results proved that foliar applications of S. platensis at 100 mg/l have a high potential for improving growth, photosynthetic capacity, yield production, decreased ROS-induced oxidative damage, and reducing DNA damage in salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced shoot weight, height and leaf number.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- 200 mM NaClt1
- Outcome
- shoot weight, plant height, leaves numbere0
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot weight, plant height, leaves number, during the vegetative growth stage”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“G1 (control), G2 (200 mM NaCl)”
e1“total protein content reduced considerablyin salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced pod number, seed number and pod weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaClt1
- Outcome
- pods number/plant, seed number/pod, pods weighte0
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pods number/plant, seed number/pod, pods weight during fruiting stage”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“G1 (control), G2 (200 mM NaCl)”
e1“total protein content reduced considerablyin salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced carotenoids, chlorophyll and photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaClt1
- Outcome
- carotenoids, chlorophyll a+be0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a+b, 100-seed weights, photosynthetic activity (assimilation of 14CO2), and total protein content reduced considerablyin salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“G1 (control), G2 (200 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced 100-seed weight, photosynthetic activity and protein content.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaClt1
- Outcome
- 100-seed weights, photosynthetic activity (assimilation of 14CO2), and total protein contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100-seed weights, photosynthetic activity (assimilation of 14CO2), and total protein content reduced considerablyin salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“G1 (control), G2 (200 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and Spirulina treatment enhanced the preceding growth, yield and physiological metrics against salt stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensist1
- Interactor
- Spirulina platensis
Limnospira platensist1other - Outcome
- above metricse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- salt-stressed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to salt-stressed plants, the above metrics were enhanced by G4.”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“G4 (200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased CAT, SOD and GPX activities.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“In comparison to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased POD, MDA and free proline.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salinityt1
- Outcome
- peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), free prolinee0
- Direction
- increasedt1
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase activity (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“In comparison to the control, the presence of salinity increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased transpiration rate and total phenol.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salinityt1
- Outcome
- transpiration rate, and total phenole0
- Direction
- increasedt1
- Comparator
- controlt1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transpiration rate, and total phenol”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“In comparison to the control, the presence of salinity increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Spirulina and salt treatment decreased the preceding stress metrics relative to salt stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensise0
- Interactor
- Spirulina platensisLimnospira platensise0other
- Outcome
- aforementioned metricse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- plants under salt stresst1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G4 application (200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis) decreased the aforementioned metrics”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“compared to plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased macronutrient content versus salt alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensise0
- Interactor
- Spirulina platensisLimnospira platensise0other
- Outcome
- macronutrient contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- G2t1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of Phaseolus vulgaris with 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis considerably increased the macronutrient content”
t1“as compared to G2”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment decreased Na+ and Cl− levels versus salt alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensist1
- Interactor
- Spirulina platensisLimnospira platensist1other
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl− levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- G2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the Na+ and Cl− levels as compared to G2”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants”
t1“Treatments of Phaseolus vulgaris with 200 mM NaCl + 100 mg/l of Spirulina platensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude Spirulina foliar application reduces ROS oxidative damage and DNA damage under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- S. platensis at 100 mg/lt1
- Interactor
- S. platensisLimnospira platensist1other
- Outcome
- ROS-induced oxidative damage, and reducing DNA damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgarise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased ROS-induced oxidative damage, and reducing DNA damage in salt-stressed Phaseolus vulgaris”
t1“S. platensis at 100 mg/l”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.