Abstract
AIMS: To analyze the effect of a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide on the yield and silage characteristics of whole-crop corn (WCC) and high-moisture ear corn (HMC) silages and on the fungal community dynamics from the harvest to aerobic exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide and harvested as WCC and HMC. Silages were conserved for 60 and 160 d and subjected to an aerobic stability test. The fungicide increased the yield per hectare however, it did not affect the main nutritional characteristics of WCC or HMC. The main chemical, fermentative and microbial characteristics, dry matter (DM) losses and aerobic stability were mainly affected by the conservation time, regardless of the treatment. Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium genera were identified as dominant before ensiling, but Aspergillus and Penicillium became dominant after silo opening and aerobic exposure. Yeast population during ensiling and aerobic deterioration resulted in a simplification, with Pichia and Kazachstania genera being dominant. CONCLUSIONS: The application of fungicide improved the DM, starch, and net energy for lactation (NEL) yield per hectare but had no consistent effect on the microbial and fermentative silage quality and aerobic stability.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide increased corn yield per hectare.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicidee1
- Outcome
- yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated (NT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicide increased the yield per hectare”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide did not significantly change the main nutritional characteristics of whole-crop or high-moisture ear corn silage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicidee1
- Outcome
- main nutritional characteristics of WCC or HMCe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- untreated (NT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it did not affect the main nutritional characteristics of WCC or HMC”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation time mainly affected silage chemistry, fermentation, microbial characteristics, dry matter losses and aerobic stability.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- conservation timee0
- Outcome
- chemical, fermentative and microbial characteristics, dry matter (DM) losses and aerobic stabilitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main chemical, fermentative and microbial characteristics, dry matter (DM) losses and aerobic stability were mainly affected by the conservation time, regardless of the treatment”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium dominated the fungal community before ensiling.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Fusarium
Alternariae0other - Outcome
- Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium genera were identified as dominant before ensilinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium genera were identified as dominant before ensiling”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus and Penicillium dominated after silo opening and aerobic exposure.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus and PenicilliumAspergillusPenicilliume0other
- Outcome
- Aspergillus and Penicillium became dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aspergillus and Penicillium became dominant after silo opening and aerobic exposure”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Pichia and Kazachstania dominated the simplified yeast population during ensiling and aerobic deterioration.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Interactor
- Pichia and Kazachstania
PichiaKazachstaniae0other - Outcome
- Yeast population during ensiling and aerobic deterioration resulted in a simplificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yeast population during ensiling and aerobic deterioration resulted in a simplification, with Pichia and Kazachstania genera being dominant”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide increased dry matter, starch and net energy yield per hectare.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Outcome
- DM, starch, and net energy for lactation (NEL) yield per hectaree0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- untreated (NT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of fungicide improved the DM, starch, and net energy for lactation (NEL) yield per hectare”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide had no consistent effect on microbial or fermentative silage quality or aerobic stability.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- fungicidet0
- Outcome
- microbial and fermentative silage quality and aerobic stabilitye0
- Direction
- no consistent effecte0
- Comparator
- untreated (NT)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had no consistent effect on the microbial and fermentative silage quality and aerobic stability”
e1“Corn were untreated (NT) or treated (T) with a prothioconazole- and tebuconazole-based fungicide”
t0“fungicide”
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