Abstract
Corn seed is treated with various fungicide active ingredients that target several fungal and oomycete genera in the corn seedling disease complex. In this study, we investigated the effects of various combinations of fungicides as seed treatments on disease development, pathogen prevalence and seedling growth of corn planted after a winter cereal rye cover crop or a winter fallow. Under controlled environment conditions, corn seed was treated with a combination of metalaxyl, pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, ipconazole and sedaxane to reduce infection by Pythium, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani (treatment ALL); metalaxyl alone to reduce Pythium (P); metalaxyl and pyraclostrobin to reduce Fusarium and Pythium (FP); pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, ipconazole and sedaxane to reduce Fusarium and R. solani (FR); and non-treated seed control (NT). Complementary field trials compared the ALL seed treatment against NT, with and without winter cereal rye. Under cold, wet environmental conditions, winter cereal rye negatively affected corn seedling growth and increased seedling root disease and Pythium incidence. In general, seed treatments improved seed germination and seedling growth (P < 0.05) in controlled environment conditions. Seed treatments active against Pythium spp. (i.e. P, FP and ALL) reduced radicle disease index scores (P < 0.01) compared with FR and NT. Pythium spp. were recovered less frequently from corn seedlings planted after winter cereal rye when treated with P, FP and ALL compared with FR and NT. No seed treatment effect was detected on the recovery of Fusarium spp. In the field, no effect of a fungicide seed treatment was detected on corn seedling growth or root disease incidence following winter cereal rye. Mesocotyl disease incidence, however, was reduced when using a fungicide treatment in 2014. These data suggest that Pythium species play a major role in the corn seedling disease complex following a winter cereal rye cover crop. Consequently, disease management in corn systems that include a winter cereal rye cover crop should explicitly consider Pythium spp.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Winter cereal rye reduced corn seedling growth under cold, wet conditions.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- winter cereal ryee0
- Outcome
- corn seedling growthe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Qualifier
- cold, wet environmental conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under cold, wet environmental conditions, winter cereal rye negatively affected corn seedling growth and increased seedling root disease and Pythium incidence”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter cereal rye increased corn seedling root disease under cold, wet conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- winter cereal ryee0
- Outcome
- seedling root diseasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- cold, wet environmental conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under cold, wet environmental conditions, winter cereal rye negatively affected corn seedling growth and increased seedling root disease and Pythium incidence”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter cereal rye increased Pythium incidence under cold, wet conditions.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- winter cereal ryee0
- Outcome
- Pythium incidencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Under cold, wet environmental conditions, winter cereal rye negatively affected corn seedling growth and increased seedling root disease and Pythium incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments improved seed germination in controlled environments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- controlled environment conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, seed treatments improved seed germination and seedling growth (P < 0.05) in controlled environment conditions”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments improved seedling growth in controlled environments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- controlled environment conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, seed treatments improved seed germination and seedling growth (P < 0.05) in controlled environment conditions”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium-active seed treatments reduced radicle disease scores against FR and NT.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- P, FP and ALLe0
- Outcome
- radicle disease index scorese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- FR and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatments active against Pythium spp. (i.e. P, FP and ALL) reduced radicle disease index scores (P < 0.01) compared with FR and NT”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium was recovered less often after rye when treated with P, FP and ALL than FR and NT.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- P, FP and ALLe0
- Outcome
- Pythium spp. were recoverede0
- Direction
- less frequentlye0
- Qualifier
- planted after winter cereal ryee0
- Comparator
- FR and NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pythium spp. were recovered less frequently from corn seedlings planted after winter cereal rye when treated with P, FP and ALL compared with FR and NT”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments had no detected effect on Fusarium recovery.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- recovery of Fusarium spp.e0
- Direction
- No seed treatment effecte0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No seed treatment effect was detected on the recovery of Fusarium spp.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Field fungicide treatment had no detected effect on corn seedling growth after rye.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- fungicide seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- corn seedling growthe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- following winter cereal ryee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, no effect of a fungicide seed treatment was detected on corn seedling growth or root disease incidence following winter cereal rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Field fungicide treatment had no detected effect on root disease incidence after rye.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fungicide seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- root disease incidencee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- following winter cereal ryee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the field, no effect of a fungicide seed treatment was detected on corn seedling growth or root disease incidence following winter cereal rye”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatment reduced mesocotyl disease incidence in 2014.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fungicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mesocotyl disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2014e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mesocotyl disease incidence, however, was reduced when using a fungicide treatment in 2014”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that Pythium species play a major role in the disease complex after rye.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- corn seedling disease complexe0
- Qualifier
- following a winter cereal rye cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These data suggest that Pythium species play a major role in the corn seedling disease complex following a winter cereal rye cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering Pythium in disease management after rye cover cropping.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- disease management in corn systems that include a winter cereal rye cover crop should explicitly consider Pythium spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Consequently, disease management in corn systems that include a winter cereal rye cover crop should explicitly consider Pythium spp.”
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