Abstract
Particle film forming materials were introduced as a solution to reduce the effects of excessive solar irradiation on plant photosynthesis. Covering plant leaves with particle films leads to plant bio-stimulant-like effects: increased protection against abiotic stress and increased fruit quality. We used zeolites and diatomaceous earth carriers for foliar fertilizer, known for their application as particle film-forming material. The aim of this paper was to investigate the plant bio-stimulant-like effects of this combined two-in-one product on the yield of apple trees and their photosynthetic pigments and fruit quality. The experiments were conducted for two years, 2021 and 2022, which had different agroclimatic patterns: 2021 had a deficit of precipitation, whereas 2022 was warmer by more than +4.8 °C compared to the recorded average temperature. Applying particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizer reduces the degradation of the photosynthetic pigments by drought and excessive solar radiation by 25–30%. In the year with a deficit of precipitation there was an increased yield by an additional 11.56–12.38% and the fruit quality similarly increased. Such effects of these combined two-in-one products were limited in 2022 as the temperature was higher than normal by several degrees.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Combined particle film and foliar fertilizer reduced photosynthetic pigment degradation by 25–30%.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- degradation of the photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Value
- 25–30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizer reduces the degradation of the photosynthetic pigments by drought and excessive solar radiation by 25–30%.”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined product increased apple yield by 11.56–12.38% in the dry year.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizere1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.56–12.38%e0
- Qualifier
- year with a deficit of precipitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the year with a deficit of precipitation there was an increased yield by an additional 11.56–12.38%”
e1“Applying particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizer”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined product increased fruit quality in the dry year.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizere1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- year with a deficit of precipitatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the year with a deficit of precipitation there was an increased yield by an additional 11.56–12.38% and the fruit quality similarly increased.”
e1“Applying particle film-forming material and foliar fertilizer”
t0“Apple Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefits of the combined product were limited in the hotter 2022 season.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- effects of these combined two-in-one productse0
- Direction
- limitede0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Such effects of these combined two-in-one products were limited in 2022 as the temperature was higher than normal by several degrees.”
t0“Apple Trees”
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