Abstract
Fertilizers application in irrigation water (Fertigation) is considered to be an efficient method of fertilizing fruit trees, but some information is needed on the relationship between irrigation depth and nitrogen (N). The objective of this work was to know the response of apple tree to different levels of irrigation depth based on maximum crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and N fertilization. The experiment was carried out in 2008-09 summer growing season of apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’, with a row spacing of 4×1 m (2500 pl. ha-1), seven years old, on the M9 rootstock, in a silt loam soil. The experimental design was split plots with two factors, with four complete randomized blocks. A main plot was irrigation depth according ETc: 0% (only rainfall), 50, 75 and 100% of the ETc, and a submain plot was three N fertilization levels: 0, 110 and 220 kg N ha-1. Soil water content (0-20 cm of soil depth), leaf minerals content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), trunk section diameter, fruit total number, fruit diameter, weight, colour and firmness were measured. Different leaf mineral contents for N, K and P according irrigation depth were observed at pre-harvest. Nitrogen fertilization, however, only affected the leaf N content. Results indicate that it was a significant differences in yield, fruit diameter and weight response to the supplemental irrigation application. Yield for irrigation at 100% ETc, reached 40 t ha-1 and, for non-irrigation plants 27 t ha-1. Fruit diameters average was 71.53 and 62.69 mm for 100% ETc and non-irrigation treatments, respectively; and there were 70.97 and 67.88 mm for 220 kg N ha-1 and non-nitrogen treatments respectively. The differences in N fertilization on yield and fruit quality variables were not observed. Nitrogen application rates only affected fruit diameter but not yield.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf mineral contents of N, K and P differed with irrigation depth at pre-harvest.
- Taxon
- Malus x domestica
Malus domesticae0 - Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- irrigation depthe1
- Outcome
- leaf mineral contentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e1“Different leaf mineral contents for N, K and P according irrigation depth were observed at pre-harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization affected only the leaf N content of apple trees.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- leaf N contente2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e2“Nitrogen fertilization, however, only affected the leaf N content”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 100% ETc gave higher yield (40 t ha-1) than non-irrigated plants (27 t ha-1).
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- irrigation at 100% ETce3
- Outcome
- Yielde3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
- Value
- 40 t ha-1e3
- Qualifier
- 27 t ha-1e3
- Comparator
- non-irrigation plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e3“Yield for irrigation at 100% ETc, reached 40 t ha-1 and, for non-irrigation plants 27 t ha-1”
e4“Results indicate that it was a significant differences in yield, fruit diameter and weight response to the supplemental irrigation application”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation at 100% ETc gave larger fruit diameter (71.53 mm) than non-irrigated treatment (62.69 mm).
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- 100% ETce5
- Outcome
- Fruit diameterse5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 71.53 and 62.69 mme5
- Comparator
- non-irrigation treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e4“Results indicate that it was a significant differences in yield, fruit diameter and weight response to the supplemental irrigation application”
e5“Fruit diameters average was 71.53 and 62.69 mm for 100% ETc and non-irrigation treatments, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental irrigation significantly affected fruit weight.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- supplemental irrigatione4
- Outcome
- weighte4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e4“Results indicate that it was a significant differences in yield, fruit diameter and weight response to the supplemental irrigation application”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 220 kg N ha-1 gave larger fruit diameter (70.97 mm) than non-nitrogen treatments (67.88 mm).
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- 220 kg N ha-1e6
- Outcome
- fruit diametere7
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- 70.97 and 67.88 mme6
- Comparator
- non-nitrogen treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e6“there were 70.97 and 67.88 mm for 220 kg N ha-1 and non-nitrogen treatments respectively”
e7“Nitrogen application rates only affected fruit diameter but not yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization had no effect on yield and fruit quality variables.
- Taxon
- Malus x domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Material
- Galae0
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- yield and fruit quality variablese1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apple trees Malus x domestica Borkh ‘Gala’”
e1“The differences in N fertilization on yield and fruit quality variables were not observed”
The same questions in other papers
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See all 84 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.