Abstract
Pomegranate bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) is a highly destructive disease. In the absence of host resistance to the disease, we aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of endophytic bacteria against Xap. Thus, in this study, we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants, identified them on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, tested them against Xap, and estimated the endophyte-mediated host defense response. The population of isolated endophytes ranged from 3 × 106 to 8 × 107 CFU/g tissue. Furthermore, 26 isolates were evaluated for their biocontrol activity against Xap, and all the tested isolates significantly reduced the in vitro growth of Xap (15.65% ± 1.25% to 56.35% ± 2.66%) as compared to control. These isolates could reduce fuscan, an uncharacterized factor of Xap involved in its aggressiveness. Lower blight incidence (11.6%) and severity (6.1%) were recorded in plants sprayed with endophytes 8 days ahead of Xap spray (Set-III) as compared to control plants which were not exposed to endophytes (77.33 and 50%, respectively%) during in vivo evaluation. Moreover, significantly high phenolic and chlorophyll contents were estimated in endophyte-treated plants as compared to control. The promising isolates mostly belonged to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, and Lysinibacillus, and they were deposited to the National Agriculturally Important Microbial Culture Collection, India.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
All tested endophytic isolates significantly reduced in vitro growth of Xap by 15.65% to 56.35% relative to control.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatume0 - Treatment
- tested isolatese1
- Interactor
- Xape1pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- in vitro growth of Xape1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 15.65% ± 1.25% to 56.35% ± 2.66%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e1“all the tested isolates significantly reduced the in vitro growth of Xap (15.65% ± 1.25% to 56.35% ± 2.66%) as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte spraying 8 days before Xap spray lowered blight incidence to 11.6% compared with control plants not exposed to endophytes.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- plants sprayed with endophytes 8 days ahead of Xap spray (Set-III)e2
- Interactor
- Xape2pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophytese2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- blight incidencee2
- Direction
- Lowere2
- Value
- 11.6%e2
- Qualifier
- 77.33e2
- Comparator
- control plants which were not exposed to endophytese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e2“Lower blight incidence (11.6%) and severity (6.1%) were recorded in plants sprayed with endophytes 8 days ahead of Xap spray (Set-III) as compared to control plants which were not exposed to endophytes (77.33 and 50%, respectively%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte spraying 8 days before Xap spray lowered blight severity to 6.1% compared with control plants not exposed to endophytes.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- plants sprayed with endophytes 8 days ahead of Xap spray (Set-III)e2
- Interactor
- Xape2pathogen
- Second interactor
- endophytese2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severitye2
- Direction
- Lowere2
- Value
- 6.1%e2
- Qualifier
- 50%e2
- Comparator
- control plants which were not exposed to endophytese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e2“Lower blight incidence (11.6%) and severity (6.1%) were recorded in plants sprayed with endophytes 8 days ahead of Xap spray (Set-III) as compared to control plants which were not exposed to endophytes (77.33 and 50%, respectively%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte-treated plants had significantly higher phenolic and chlorophyll contents than control plants.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Treatment
- endophyte-treated plantse3
- Interactor
- endophytee3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- phenolic and chlorophyll contentse3
- Direction
- highe3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e3“significantly high phenolic and chlorophyll contents were estimated in endophyte-treated plants as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte population in pomegranate tissue ranged from 3 × 10^6 to 8 × 10^7 CFU/g tissue.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Outcome
- population of isolated endophytese4
- Value
- 3 × 106 to 8 × 107 CFU/g tissuee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e4“The population of isolated endophytes ranged from 3 × 106 to 8 × 107 CFU/g tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
The promising endophytic isolates mostly belonged to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia and Lysinibacillus.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Material
- Bacillus, Burkholderia, and Lysinibacilluse5
- Outcome
- generae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e5“The promising isolates mostly belonged to the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, and Lysinibacillus”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophytic isolates could reduce fuscan, an uncharacterized factor of Xap involved in its aggressiveness.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume0
- Interactor
- Xape6pathogen
- Outcome
- fuscane6
- Qualifier
- an uncharacterized factor of Xap involved in its aggressivenesse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we isolated endophytes from pomegranate plants”
e6“These isolates could reduce fuscan, an uncharacterized factor of Xap involved in its aggressiveness”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.