Abstract
Yellow‐pigmented bacteria isolated from blight‐affected pomegranate leaves and fruit across seven Indian states in epidemics during the years 2008–2016 were characterized and identified using phenotypic and genotypic tools. All bacterial isolates shared phenotypic traits such as colony morphology, NaCl and pH sensitivity and fuscan production, and caused typical lesions on pomegranate plants upon artificial inoculation. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer sequences confirmed their identity as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae . The new isolates collected after 2000 were compared with an old isolate from the 1950s using polyphasic taxonomic approaches including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Nucleotide polymorphism in 24 isolates for nine genomic loci ( dnaK , fyuA , gyrB (Young), gyrB (Almeida), rpoD , fusA , gapA , gltA and lepA ) showed minor variations in loci fyuA and gyrB. Isolates were grouped into four nearly identical sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, based on their allelic profiles, ST3 being widespread in Indian states. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 5690 bp with other Xanthomonas pathovars revealed its close genetic similarity with the X. citri group . The blight outbreak in diverse geographical locations is attributed to a re‐emerged clonal population of X. axonopodis pv. punicae on a genetically homogenous pomegranate cultivar. The latently infected vegetative planting material of elite pomegranate cultivars contributed to the dissemination of the bacterial inoculum. This study highlights and forewarns of the role played by the clonally propagated elite pomegranate cultivars in disseminating and sustaining clonal populations of this bacterial plant pathogen in many Indian states.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates caused typical lesions after inoculation of pomegranate plants.
- Taxon
- pomegranate
Punica granatume0 - Treatment
- artificial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- bacterial isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical lesionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All bacterial isolates shared phenotypic traits such as colony morphology, NaCl and pH sensitivity and fuscan production, and caused typical lesions on pomegranate plants upon artificial inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence analysis identified the isolates as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicaeXanthomonas citri pv. punicaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- identity as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer sequences confirmed their identity as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae”
e1“pomegranate leaves and fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Among 24 isolates, fyuA and gyrB loci showed minor variation.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicaeXanthomonas citri pv. punicaee2pathogen
- Gene
- fyuA and gyrBe0
- Outcome
- minor variationse0
- Value
- 24 isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nucleotide polymorphism in 24 isolates for nine genomic loci ( dnaK , fyuA , gyrB (Young), gyrB (Almeida), rpoD , fusA , gapA , gltA and lepA ) showed minor variations in loci fyuA and gyrB”
e1“pomegranate leaves and fruit”
e2“Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae”
Claim · model-written summary
Allelic profiles placed isolates in four nearly identical sequence types.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicaeXanthomonas citri pv. punicaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- four nearly identical sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4e0
- Value
- foure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates were grouped into four nearly identical sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, based on their allelic profiles”
e1“pomegranate leaves and fruit”
e2“Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence type ST3 was widespread across Indian states.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicaeXanthomonas citri pv. punicaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- ST3 being widespreade0
- Setting
- Indian statese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ST3 being widespread in Indian states”
e1“pomegranate leaves and fruit”
e2“Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen was genetically close to the X. citri group.
- Taxon
- pomegranatePunica granatume1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicaeXanthomonas citri pv. punicaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- close genetic similarity with the X. citri groupe0
- Value
- 5690 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Molecular phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 5690 bp with other Xanthomonas pathovars revealed its close genetic similarity with the X. citri group”
e1“pomegranate leaves and fruit”
e2“Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Punica granatum (pomegranate)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.