Abstract
Supplemental lighting can be applied in the greenhouse to obtain high-quality seedlings when the solar daily light integral (DLI) is insufficient. However, there is no optimal strategy for the supplementary light provided by white and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the same DLI in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling production grown in the greenhouse in early spring. The objective of the study was to determine changes in morphology, photosynthesis, growth, and physiological characteristics in greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings (cv. Tianjiao No. 5) depending on different supplementary fractions (28.5%, 33.5%, 38.5%, 43.5%, and 48.5%) of blue light (B) under constant DLI provided by combinations of white (B28.5% included) and blue LEDs, and cucumber seedlings were grown with sunlight only were set as the control. The results documented that supplementary light resulted in compact and robust greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings with higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate compared to those grown without supplementary light. The plant height and hypocotyl length of cucumber seedlings decreased quadratically with an increase of blue light fractions provided by combinations of white and blue LEDs. Additionally, the leaf area and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings increased first and a decreased trend was observed subsequently with the increasing fraction of blue light in a quadratic function. Similar trends were found in root architecture (e.g., root length, root surface area, and root volume) and root activity of cucumber seedlings; however, no significant differences were exhibited as blue light fraction increased from 38.5% to 43.5% provided by supplementary light. Stem firmness and cellulose content increased by 26.2% and 23.4%, respectively, as 15% blue light was added to white LEDs. In conclusion, the 43.5% blue light created by supplementary broad-spectrum white and blue LEDs resulted in compact and stoutest cucumber seedlings along with well-developed root system and higher stem firmness, thus improving the mechanical strength of the greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings for transplanting. Keywords: blue light, hypocotyl length, photosynthetic capacity, stem firmness, supplementary light DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221506.7351 Citation: Yan Z N, Wang L, Cheng J, Lin D, Yang Y J. Morphology, growth, and physiological traits of greenhouse cucumber seedlings as affected by supplementary white and blue LEDs. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(6): 60–66.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary white and blue LED light raised chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of greenhouse cucumber seedlings compared with no supplementary light.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse2 - Material
- cv. Tianjiao No. 5e1
- Treatment
- supplementary lighte2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- compact and robuste2
- Comparator
- without supplementary lighte2
- Setting
- greenhousee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings (cv. Tianjiao No. 5)”
e2“supplementary light resulted in compact and robust greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings with higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate compared to those grown without supplementary light”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height and hypocotyl length of cucumber seedlings decreased quadratically as blue light fraction increased.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse3
- Treatment
- blue light fractionse3
- Outcome
- plant height and hypocotyl lengthe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- quadraticallye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The plant height and hypocotyl length of cucumber seedlings decreased quadratically with an increase of blue light fractions provided by combinations of white and blue LEDs”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings increased first and then decreased as blue light fraction increased.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- the increasing fraction of blue lighte4
- Outcome
- leaf area and stem diametere4
- Direction
- increased firste4
- Qualifier
- in a quadratic functione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Additionally, the leaf area and stem diameter of cucumber seedlings increased first and a decreased trend was observed subsequently with the increasing fraction of blue light in a quadratic function”
Claim · model-written summary
Root architecture and root activity of cucumber seedlings showed similar trends under the blue light treatments.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Outcome
- root architecturee5
- Qualifier
- Similar trendse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Similar trends were found in root architecture (e.g., root length, root surface area, and root volume) and root activity of cucumber seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light fraction increased from 38.5% to 43.5% did not significantly change root architecture or root activity of cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Treatment
- blue light fraction increased from 38.5% to 43.5% provided by supplementary lighte6
- Outcome
- root architecturee5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Similar trends were found in root architecture (e.g., root length, root surface area, and root volume) and root activity of cucumber seedlings”
e6“however, no significant differences were exhibited as blue light fraction increased from 38.5% to 43.5% provided by supplementary light”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 15% blue light to white LEDs increased stem firmness of cucumber seedlings by 26.2%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- 15% blue light was added to white LEDse7
- Outcome
- Stem firmnesse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 26.2%e7
- Comparator
- white LEDse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“supplementary light resulted in compact and robust greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings with higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate compared to those grown without supplementary light”
e7“Stem firmness and cellulose content increased by 26.2% and 23.4%, respectively, as 15% blue light was added to white LEDs”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 15% blue light to white LEDs increased cellulose content of cucumber seedlings by 23.4%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- 15% blue light was added to white LEDse7
- Outcome
- cellulose contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 23.4%e7
- Comparator
- white LEDse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“supplementary light resulted in compact and robust greenhouse-grown cucumber seedlings with higher chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate compared to those grown without supplementary light”
e7“Stem firmness and cellulose content increased by 26.2% and 23.4%, respectively, as 15% blue light was added to white LEDs”
Claim · model-written summary
43.5% blue light in supplementary white and blue LEDs gave the most compact and stoutest cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 43.5% blue light created by supplementary broad-spectrum white and blue LEDse1
- Outcome
- compact and stoutest cucumber seedlingse1
- Direction
- stouteste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the 43.5% blue light created by supplementary broad-spectrum white and blue LEDs resulted in compact and stoutest cucumber seedlings”
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