Abstract
The current research investigated the regulation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) biosynthesis, catalyzed by MGDG synthase (MGD) (UDP-galactose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-D-galactosyltransferase; EC 2.4.1.46), during chloroplast development in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Aonagajibai). In etiolated seedlings, white light induced a transient increase in MGD mRNA, followed by a subsequent increase in enzyme activity. MGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and linolenic acid (18 : 3) of both MGDG and DGDG accumulated in a light-dependent manner. Early light-dependent induction of MGD protein was also identified in isolated chloroplasts. When cotyledons were detached from seedlings, these light-induced changes diminished. However, when a synthetic cytokinin, benzyladenine, was added to the detached cotyledons, a transient increase in MGD mRNA and a linear increase in the enzyme activity were induced even in the dark. Galactolipids subsequently accumulated to some extent and 18 : 3 content also increased. MGDG fully accumulated in detached cotyledons with co-treatment of light and a cytokinin. Red light (>600 nm) and far-red light (>700 nm) both induced an increase in MGD mRNA and enzyme activity but far-red light did not induce an accumulation of MGDG. These results suggest that (1). galactolipid biosynthesis is regulated by the cooperation of light and a cytokinin; (2). the accumulation of MGDG requires cytokinin in addition to light; (3). a red light (600-700 nm) dependent factor is necessary for the maximal galactolipid accumulation in addition to increase in MGD transcript and activity.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
In etiolated cucumber seedlings, white light induced a transient increase in MGD mRNA.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Organ / stage
- etiolated seedlingse0
- Treatment
- white lighte0
- Outcome
- MGD mRNAe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- transiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“In etiolated seedlings, white light induced a transient increase in MGD mRNA, followed by a subsequent increase in enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
In etiolated cucumber seedlings, white light induced a subsequent increase in MGD enzyme activity after the mRNA rise.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- etiolated seedlingse0
- Treatment
- white lighte0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“In etiolated seedlings, white light induced a transient increase in MGD mRNA, followed by a subsequent increase in enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
MGDG, DGDG and linolenic acid (18:3) of both lipids accumulated in a light-dependent manner in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- MGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and linolenic acid (18 : 3)e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“MGDG, digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and linolenic acid (18 : 3) of both MGDG and DGDG accumulated in a light-dependent manner”
Claim · model-written summary
Early light-dependent induction of MGD protein was identified in isolated chloroplasts of cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- isolated chloroplastse0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- MGD proteine0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Early light-dependent induction of MGD protein was also identified in isolated chloroplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
When cucumber cotyledons were detached from seedlings, the light-induced changes diminished.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- detached from seedlingse0
- Outcome
- light-induced changese0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“When cotyledons were detached from seedlings, these light-induced changes diminished”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine added to detached cucumber cotyledons induced a transient increase in MGD mRNA even in the dark.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- detached cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- MGD mRNAe0
- Direction
- transient increasee0
- Setting
- in the darke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“when a synthetic cytokinin, benzyladenine, was added to the detached cotyledons, a transient increase in MGD mRNA and a linear increase in the enzyme activity were induced even in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine added to detached cucumber cotyledons induced a linear increase in enzyme activity even in the dark.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- detached cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- linear increasee0
- Setting
- in the darke0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“when a synthetic cytokinin, benzyladenine, was added to the detached cotyledons, a transient increase in MGD mRNA and a linear increase in the enzyme activity were induced even in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
After benzyladenine treatment of detached cucumber cotyledons, galactolipids subsequently accumulated to some extent.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- Galactolipidse1
- Direction
- accumulatede1
- Qualifier
- to some extente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“when a synthetic cytokinin, benzyladenine, was added to the detached cotyledons, a transient increase in MGD mRNA and a linear increase in the enzyme activity were induced even in the dark”
e1“Galactolipids subsequently accumulated to some extent”
Claim · model-written summary
After benzyladenine treatment of detached cucumber cotyledons, 18:3 content also increased.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- 18 : 3 contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“when a synthetic cytokinin, benzyladenine, was added to the detached cotyledons, a transient increase in MGD mRNA and a linear increase in the enzyme activity were induced even in the dark”
e1“18 : 3 content also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
MGDG fully accumulated in detached cucumber cotyledons co-treated with light and a cytokinin.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- detached cotyledonse0
- Treatment
- co-treatment of light and a cytokinine0
- Outcome
- MGDGe0
- Direction
- fully accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“MGDG fully accumulated in detached cotyledons with co-treatment of light and a cytokinin”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light (>600 nm) induced an increase in MGD mRNA and enzyme activity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Red light (>600 nm)e0
- Outcome
- MGD mRNA and enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Red light (>600 nm) and far-red light (>700 nm) both induced an increase in MGD mRNA and enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light (>700 nm) induced an increase in MGD mRNA and enzyme activity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- far-red light (>700 nm)e0
- Outcome
- MGD mRNA and enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Red light (>600 nm) and far-red light (>700 nm) both induced an increase in MGD mRNA and enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light did not induce an accumulation of MGDG in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of MGDGe0
- Direction
- did not inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“far-red light did not induce an accumulation of MGDG”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest galactolipid biosynthesis is regulated by the cooperation of light and a cytokinin.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- light and a cytokinine0
- Outcome
- galactolipid biosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“galactolipid biosynthesis is regulated by the cooperation of light and a cytokinin”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a red-light (600-700 nm) dependent factor is necessary for maximal galactolipid accumulation in addition to increased MGD transcript and activity.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- red light (600-700 nm)e0
- Outcome
- maximal galactolipid accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- dependent factor is necessarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“a red light (600-700 nm) dependent factor is necessary for the maximal galactolipid accumulation”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: metabolites · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
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