Abstract
Production of peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) for both local market and export is increasing each year in Egypt. Brown rot disease, caused by Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructigena, is considered one of the most important postharvest rots affecting peaches in Egypt and economic losses are increasing. Antifungal activity of glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticles (GA-NPs) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) at 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/L was investigated as a control for both these brown rot pathogens on peach fruits in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the in vitro studies, GA-NPs were the most effective as shown by the ability to decrease linear growth of both brown rot pathogens in potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs. Micrographs of M. fructigena exposed to 0.4 mmol/LGA showed mycelial deformations, nodule formation, detachment of the cell wall, shrinkage and inhomogeneous cytoplasmic materials with large vacuoles. Mycelium of M. laxa exposed to 0.4 mmol/ LGA-NPs resulted in thinner and distorted hyphae, nodule formation, cell wall thinning, and swellings. The GANPs and GA treatments improved fruit quality by maintaining firmness and total soluble solids (TSS). GA-NPs were more effective in decreasing decay incidence than their bulk material. The 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs completely inhibited the disease on naturally infected peach fruits for both seasons of 2018 and 2019. Furthermore, 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs reduced the disease incidence in inoculated fruits by 95 (M. laxa) and 88% (M. fructigena) in 2018 season and 96 (M. laxa) and 85% (M. fructigena) in 2019 season. In conclusion, GA-NPs could enhance the resistance of peaches against brown rot caused by M. laxa and M. fructigena.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles at 0.4 mmol/L most effectively decreased linear growth of both brown rot pathogens in vitro.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)
Prunus persicat0 - Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPse0
- Outcome
- linear growth of both brown rot pathogense0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Setting
- potato dextrose agar (PDA)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA-NPs were the most effective as shown by the ability to decrease linear growth of both brown rot pathogens in potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk GA deformed M. fructigena mycelia at 0.4 mmol/L.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/LGAe0
- Interactor
- M. fructigena
Monilinia fructigenae0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial deformations, nodule formation, detachment of the cell wall, shrinkage and inhomogeneous cytoplasmic materials with large vacuolese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Micrographs of M. fructigena exposed to 0.4 mmol/LGA showed mycelial deformations, nodule formation, detachment of the cell wall, shrinkage and inhomogeneous cytoplasmic materials with large vacuoles.”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles at 0.4 mmol/L distorted M. laxa hyphae.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/ LGA-NPse0
- Interactor
- M. laxa
Monilinia laxae0pathogen - Outcome
- thinner and distorted hyphae, nodule formation, cell wall thinning, and swellingse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycelium of M. laxa exposed to 0.4 mmol/ LGA-NPs resulted in thinner and distorted hyphae, nodule formation, cell wall thinning, and swellings.”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles and bulk GA maintained peach fruit firmness and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- GANPs and GA treatmentse0
- Outcome
- firmness and total soluble solids (TSS)e0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GANPs and GA treatments improved fruit quality by maintaining firmness and total soluble solids (TSS).”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles decreased decay incidence more than bulk GA.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- GA-NPse0
- Outcome
- decay incidencee0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- their bulk materiale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA-NPs were more effective in decreasing decay incidence than their bulk material.”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.4 mmol/L, GA nanoparticles completely inhibited brown rot on naturally infected peaches in 2018 and 2019.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPse0
- Outcome
- the disease on naturally infected peach fruitse0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Value
- 2018 and 2019e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs completely inhibited the disease on naturally infected peach fruits for both seasons of 2018 and 2019.”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles reduced M. laxa disease incidence by 95 in inoculated fruit in 2018.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPse0
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence in inoculated fruitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 95e0
- Qualifier
- 2018 seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs reduced the disease incidence in inoculated fruits by 95 (M. laxa) and 88% (M. fructigena) in 2018 season”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles reduced M. fructigena disease incidence by 88% in inoculated fruit in 2018.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPse0
- Interactor
- M. fructigenaMonilinia fructigenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence in inoculated fruitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Qualifier
- 2018 seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs reduced the disease incidence in inoculated fruits by 95 (M. laxa) and 88% (M. fructigena) in 2018 season”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles reduced M. laxa disease incidence by 96 in inoculated fruit in 2019.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Interactor
- M. laxaMonilinia laxae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. laxae0
- Value
- 96e0
- Qualifier
- 2019 seasone0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“96 (M. laxa) and 85% (M. fructigena) in 2019 season”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA nanoparticles reduced M. fructigena disease incidence by 85% in inoculated fruit in 2019.
- Taxon
- peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)Prunus persicat0
- Treatment
- 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPse0
- Interactor
- M. fructigenaMonilinia fructigenae0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidence in inoculated fruitse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Qualifier
- 2019 seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, 0.4 mmol/L GA-NPs reduced the disease incidence in inoculated fruits by 95 (M. laxa) and 88% (M. fructigena) in 2018 season and 96 (M. laxa) and 85% (M. fructigena) in 2019 season.”
t0“peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.