Abstract
Intercropping Sesbania with rice provides a sustainable mode for the biological control of cadmium (Cd) translocation in crop grains, but how they reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain remains unclear. Here, hydroponic, pot and field assays were conducted to reveal the mechanisms of their interspecific competition for Cd assimilation, especially with regard to the effects of shade by leaves and iron plaque by roots. Results showed compared with planting rice alone, intercropping of Sesbania leading to an approximate 50% decrease in the Cd concentration of rice grain. The shade effect induced by Sesbania leaves decreased the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of rice leaves by 8.8% and 25% respectively, which is mainly occurred after the booting stage. The shade effect also markedly reduced the Cd transfer from roots to grains. Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH, stimulated the root activity of rice, strengthened iron plaque formation but enhanced Cd retention in rice roots. The batch of Fe treatments evidenced the iron plaque failed to impede Cd translocation into roots unless the value of DCB-Fe was higher than 26 mg kg −1. These results together indicated that strong scrambling for soil Cd in Sesbania roots and the shade effect in Sesbania leaves drove the reduction of Cd accumulation in rice grains. This study extends the knowledge that utilizing the intercropping plant to biologically reduce the accumulation of Cd in the crop.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping Sesbania reduced rice grain cadmium concentration by approximately 50% relative to rice alone.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- intercropping of Sesbaniae0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration of rice graine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- approximate 50%e0
- Comparator
- planting rice alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with planting rice alone, intercropping of Sesbania leading to an approximate 50% decrease in the Cd concentration of rice grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania leaf shade decreased rice leaf photosynthetic rate by 8.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- shade effect induced by Sesbania leavese0
- Outcome
- photosynthetice0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shade effect induced by Sesbania leaves decreased the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of rice leaves by 8.8% and 25% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania leaf shade decreased rice leaf transpiration rate by 25%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- shade effect induced by Sesbania leavese0
- Outcome
- transpiration rates of rice leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shade effect induced by Sesbania leaves decreased the photosynthetic and transpiration rates of rice leaves by 8.8% and 25% respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania leaf shade reduced cadmium transfer from rice roots to grain.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- shade effecte0
- Outcome
- Cd transfer from roots to grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shade effect also markedly reduced the Cd transfer from roots to grains”
t0“cadmium accumulation in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Growing Sesbaniae0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH, stimulated the root activity of rice, strengthened iron plaque formation but enhanced Cd retention in rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing Sesbania stimulated rice root activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Growing Sesbaniae0
- Outcome
- root activity of ricee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH, stimulated the root activity of rice, strengthened iron plaque formation but enhanced Cd retention in rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing Sesbania strengthened iron plaque formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Growing Sesbaniae0
- Outcome
- iron plaque formatione0
- Direction
- strengthenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH, stimulated the root activity of rice, strengthened iron plaque formation but enhanced Cd retention in rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing Sesbania enhanced cadmium retention in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Growing Sesbaniae0
- Outcome
- Cd retention in rice rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing Sesbania decreased rhizosphere pH, stimulated the root activity of rice, strengthened iron plaque formation but enhanced Cd retention in rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron plaque failed to block cadmium movement into roots unless DCB-Fe exceeded 26 mg kg −1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fe treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cd translocation into rootse0
- Direction
- failed to impedee0
- Value
- 26 mg kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The batch of Fe treatments evidenced the iron plaque failed to impede Cd translocation into roots unless the value of DCB-Fe was higher than 26 mg kg −1”
t0“cadmium accumulation in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed lower rice grain cadmium to competition by Sesbania roots for soil cadmium and Sesbania leaf shade.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- reduction of Cd accumulation in rice grainse0
- Qualifier
- strong scrambling for soil Cd in Sesbania roots and the shade effect in Sesbania leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong scrambling for soil Cd in Sesbania roots and the shade effect in Sesbania leaves drove the reduction of Cd accumulation in rice grains”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.