Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biodiversity-based agricultural systems can improve production efficiency and sustainability, with fewer negative environmental impacts and lower use of external inputs. Mixed-cropping and rice-duck co-culture have been shown to produce ecological benefits and to have positive effects on paddy soil. However, the effects of a combination of mixed cropping with different rice cultivars and duck co-culture on soil nutrients availability and grain yields have not been evaluated. A paddy field experiment was carried out over two rice growing seasons to test these effects. RESULTS: Several combinations of rice cultivars, when integrated with duck co-culture, significantly increased the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents during the rice growing seasons, as compared to mono-cropping systems. In mixed-cropping combined with duck co-culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono-cropping systems. Similar increases were found for soil available phosphorus (8.71-15.91%) and soil available potassium (8.65-39.43%) contents. Furthermore, MCDC produced higher grain yields and harvest indexes for both study seasons. CONCLUSION: The integration of MCDC systems had positive effects on soil nutrient contents of paddy fields, which could, in turn, lead to yield enhancements, as well as additional income for farmers in the form of organic duck meat. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Rice cultivars integrated with duck co-culture significantly increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents compared with mono-cropping systems.
- Taxon
- rice cultivars
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- duck co-culturee0
- Outcome
- soil organic matter and total nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- mono-cropping systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several combinations of rice cultivars, when integrated with duck co-culture, significantly increased the soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents during the rice growing seasons, as compared to mono-cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed-cropping combined with duck co-culture raised soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content by 4.33% to 17.86% relative to mono-cropping systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mixed-cropping combined with duck co-culture (MCDC) systemse1
- Outcome
- soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contente1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4.33% to 17.86%e1
- Comparator
- mono-cropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield and soil nutrients”
e1“In mixed-cropping combined with duck co-culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono-cropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
MCDC raised soil available phosphorus by 8.71-15.91% relative to mono-cropping systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MCDCe1
- Outcome
- soil available phosphoruse2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Value
- 8.71-15.91%e2
- Comparator
- mono-cropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield and soil nutrients”
e1“In mixed-cropping combined with duck co-culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono-cropping systems”
e2“Similar increases were found for soil available phosphorus (8.71-15.91%) and soil available potassium (8.65-39.43%) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
MCDC raised soil available potassium by 8.65-39.43% relative to mono-cropping systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MCDCe1
- Outcome
- soil available potassiume2
- Direction
- increasese2
- Value
- 8.65-39.43%e2
- Comparator
- mono-cropping systemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield and soil nutrients”
e1“In mixed-cropping combined with duck co-culture (MCDC) systems, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content ranged from 4.33% to 17.86% higher than that in mono-cropping systems”
e2“Similar increases were found for soil available phosphorus (8.71-15.91%) and soil available potassium (8.65-39.43%) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
MCDC produced higher grain yields and harvest indexes of rice in both study seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MCDCe3
- Outcome
- grain yields and harvest indexese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- for both study seasonse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield and soil nutrients”
e3“MCDC produced higher grain yields and harvest indexes for both study seasons”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.