Abstract
(1) Background: Alfalfa is an important legume forage throughout the world. Although alfalfa is considered moderately tolerant to salinity, its production and nitrogen-fixing activity are greatly limited by salt stress. (2) Methods: We examined the physiological changes and proteomic profiles of alfalfa with active nodules (NA) and without nodules (NN) under NaCl treatment. (3) Results: Our data suggested that NA roots showed upregulation of the pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins and pathogenesis-related proteins), antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modification, acid phosphatases, and porin transport when compared with NN plants under salt stress conditions. NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress. Besides, NA roots displayed a net H+ influx and low level of K+ efflux under salt stress, which may enhance the salt tolerance of NA plants. (4) Conclusions: The rhizobium symbiosis conferred the host plant salt tolerance by regulating a series of physiological processes to enhance stress response, improve antioxidant ability and energy use efficiency, and maintain ion homeostasis.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots upregulated pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses compared with NN plants.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativat0 - Organ / stage
- NA rootse1
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responsese1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
- Comparator
- NN plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e1“NA roots showed upregulation of the pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins and pathogenesis-related proteins), antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modification, acid phosphatases, and porin transport when compared with NN plants under salt stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots upregulated antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, and cell wall degradation and modification compared with NN plants.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse1
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modificatione1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
- Comparator
- NN plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e1“NA roots showed upregulation of the pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins and pathogenesis-related proteins), antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modification, acid phosphatases, and porin transport when compared with NN plants under salt stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots upregulated acid phosphatases and porin transport compared with NN plants.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse1
- Treatment
- salt stress conditionse1
- Outcome
- acid phosphatases, and porin transporte1
- Direction
- upregulatione1
- Comparator
- NN plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e1“NA roots showed upregulation of the pathways of abiotic and biotic stress responses (e.g., heat shock proteins and pathogenesis-related proteins), antioxidant enzyme synthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, cell wall degradation and modification, acid phosphatases, and porin transport when compared with NN plants under salt stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots upregulated lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins and protein degradation and folding.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse2
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and foldinge2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e2“NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots upregulated the cell cytoskeleton.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse2
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- cell cytoskeletone2
- Direction
- upregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e2“NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse2
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- DNA and protein synthesis processe2
- Direction
- downregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e2“NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, NA roots downregulated vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse2
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- vacuolar H+-ATPase proteinse2
- Direction
- downregulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e2“NA roots also upregulated the processes or proteins of lipid metabolism, heat shock proteins, protein degradation and folding, and cell cytoskeleton, downregulated the DNA and protein synthesis process, and vacuolar H+-ATPase proteins under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
NA roots displayed a net H+ influx under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse3
- Outcome
- net H+ influxe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e3“NA roots displayed a net H+ influx and low level of K+ efflux under salt stress, which may enhance the salt tolerance of NA plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NA roots displayed a low level of K+ efflux under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- NA rootse3
- Outcome
- K+ effluxe3
- Qualifier
- low levele3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e3“NA roots displayed a net H+ influx and low level of K+ efflux under salt stress, which may enhance the salt tolerance of NA plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The rhizobium symbiosis conferred salt tolerance on alfalfa host plants by regulating stress response, antioxidant ability, energy use and ion homeostasis.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee4
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Roots”
e4“The rhizobium symbiosis conferred the host plant salt tolerance by regulating a series of physiological processes to enhance stress response, improve antioxidant ability and energy use efficiency, and maintain ion homeostasis”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · quality: protein · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.