Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the optimal use of high-salt water for alfalfa fodder growth and quality in Aridisol. The experiment included five treatments and was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD) as factorial design with three replications. We used a leaching fraction technique (LF), which is a mitigating technique (MT). The five treatments were T1 = MT1 as normal irrigation (control), T2 = MT2 as a leaching fraction (LF) of 15% with the same quality of water, T3 = MT3 as a LF of 30% with the same quality of water, T4 = MT4 as a LF of 15% with good-quality water (as percentage of total water), in the form of 2–3 irrigations every 3 months, and T5 = MT5 as a LF of 30% with good-quality water (as percentage of total water), in the form of 2–3 irrigations every 3 months. The duration of the experiment was three years and normal soil (non-saline, non-sodic) was used in the current study. Results showed that saline water irrigation negatively affected the growth traits, but the application of the LF technique with same-quality or good-quality water mitigated such negative effects. The fodder quality traits such as crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and ashes were also affected in a negative way with the use of saline irrigation water. This negative impact was more intensified in the third year as the concentration of salts increased in saline water during the three years of the current investigation. A LF with canal water at 15 or 30% reduced the negative effects of salt stress and improved fodder biomass production and quality traits. For examples, using a LF with canal water at 30% increased the biomass production to 33.30 g and 15.87 g when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively. In addition, it improved quality traits such as crude protein content (5.54% and 3.73%) and crude fiber content (14.55% and 12.75%) when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively. It was concluded that the LF technique can be recommended for practice in the case of saline water irrigation for the optimized growth and quality of alfalfa fodder.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation reduced alfalfa growth traits.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- saline water irrigatione0
- Outcome
- growth traitse0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“alfalfa”
e0“saline water irrigation negatively affected the growth traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaching fractions mitigated saline water damage to growth.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF technique with same-quality or good-quality watere0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“the application of the LF technique with same-quality or good-quality water mitigated such negative effects.”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation adversely affected crude protein, crude fiber and ashes.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- saline irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and ashese0
- Direction
- affected in a negative waye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“The fodder quality traits such as crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and ashes were also affected in a negative way with the use of saline irrigation water.”
Claim · model-written summary
The adverse saline water effect intensified in the third year.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- negative impacte0
- Direction
- more intensifiede0
- Qualifier
- third yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“This negative impact was more intensified in the third year as the concentration of salts increased in saline water during the three years”
Claim · model-written summary
A 15 or 30% canal water leaching fraction improved biomass and fodder quality.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 15 or 30%e0
- Outcome
- fodder biomass production and quality traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“A LF with canal water at 15 or 30% reduced the negative effects of salt stress and improved fodder biomass production and quality traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% canal water leaching fraction yielded 33.30 g biomass with W1 irrigation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 30%e0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.30 ge0
- Qualifier
- W1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“using a LF with canal water at 30% increased the biomass production to 33.30 g and 15.87 g when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% canal water leaching fraction yielded 15.87 g biomass with W5 irrigation.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 30%e0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.87 ge0
- Qualifier
- W5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“using a LF with canal water at 30% increased the biomass production to 33.30 g and 15.87 g when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% canal water leaching fraction improved crude protein content to 5.54% with W1.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 30%e1
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5.54%e0
- Qualifier
- W1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“LF with canal water at 30%”
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“it improved quality traits such as crude protein content (5.54% and 3.73%) and crude fiber content (14.55% and 12.75%) when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% canal water leaching fraction improved crude protein content to 3.73% with W5.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 30%e1
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.73%e0
- Qualifier
- W5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“LF with canal water at 30%”
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“it improved quality traits such as crude protein content (5.54% and 3.73%) and crude fiber content (14.55% and 12.75%) when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% canal water leaching fraction improved crude fiber content to 14.55% with W1.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 30%e1
- Outcome
- crude fiber contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 14.55%e0
- Qualifier
- W1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“LF with canal water at 30%”
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“it improved quality traits such as crude protein content (5.54% and 3.73%) and crude fiber content (14.55% and 12.75%) when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30% canal water leaching fraction improved crude fiber content to 12.75% with W5.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- LF with canal water at 30%e1
- Outcome
- crude fiber contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12.75%e0
- Qualifier
- W5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“LF with canal water at 30%”
t0“Alfalfa”
e0“it improved quality traits such as crude protein content (5.54% and 3.73%) and crude fiber content (14.55% and 12.75%) when plants were irrigated with W1 and W5, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend leaching fractions during saline water irrigation of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- LF technique can be recommended for practicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the LF technique can be recommended for practice in the case of saline water irrigation for the optimized growth and quality of alfalfa fodder.”
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