Abstract
In order to determine the optimal irrigation and drainage mode for the anti-lodging cultivation of Super Rice Japonica 9108, barrel loading tests of different irrigation and drainage modes were carried out in the Water-Saving Park of Hohai University in Nanjing from June to October in 2019 and 2020. Three treatments were set up: Frequent and Shallow Irrigation (FSI), Rain-catching and Controlled Irrigation (RC-CI) and Drought Planting with Straw mulching (DPS). In each mode, the growth index, stem morphology index, material production index and stem mechanical index of rice at yellow maturity period were measured, and their relationship with the lodging index was analyzed. The results showed that compared with FSI, the lodging index of RC-CI was reduced by an average of 24.0%. RC-CI can promote the lateral development of the base internodes, increase the accumulation of stem sheath dry matter and the internode fullness and enhance mechanical strength and anti-lodging ability of the stem. Meanwhile, RC-CI can appropriately reduce the plant height, so as to reduce the bending moment of the base internodes. As a consequence, the lodging risk was effectively reduced. The lodging index of DPS was reduced by an average of 16.0% compared with FSI. Because DPS was subject to severe water deficit, its internodes thickness and stem wall thickness were inferior to that of FSI, leading to the weakening of the mechanical strength of stem, and the morphological characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the stem were not improved. Despite this, DPS still had a strong resistance to lodging. The output rate and conversion rate of the stem sheath were reduced, and while the plant height and center of gravity height were significantly reduced, the bending moment remained low. Thus, DPS can still reduce the lodging risk of rice. Compared with FSI, the average yield of RC-CI increased by 5.8% in two years, and the average yield of DPS was reduced by 4.4% in two years. DPS under severe water deficit reduced the accumulation of dry matter in the panicle and the yield index of rice, which was not conducive to a high yield. Considering the yield and lodging resistance of the super rice “Japonica 9108”, RC-CI is the best irrigation and drainage mode, followed by DPS. This study can provide data support and theoretical support for regulating the lodging resistance of super rice through irrigation measures.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI reduced lodging index by an average 24.0% against FSI.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- lodging indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24.0%e0
- Comparator
- FSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with FSI, the lodging index of RC-CI was reduced by an average of 24.0%.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI promoted lateral development of basal internodes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- lateral development of the base internodese0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RC-CI can promote the lateral development of the base internodes, increase the accumulation of stem sheath dry matter and the internode fullness and enhance mechanical strength and anti-lodging ability of the stem.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI increased stem sheath dry matter accumulation and internode fullness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of stem sheath dry matter and the internode fullnesse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RC-CI can promote the lateral development of the base internodes, increase the accumulation of stem sheath dry matter and the internode fullness and enhance mechanical strength and anti-lodging ability of the stem.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI enhanced stem mechanical strength and anti lodging ability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- mechanical strength and anti-lodging ability of the steme0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RC-CI can promote the lateral development of the base internodes, increase the accumulation of stem sheath dry matter and the internode fullness and enhance mechanical strength and anti-lodging ability of the stem.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI lowered plant height.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RC-CI can appropriately reduce the plant height, so as to reduce the bending moment of the base internodes.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI lowered basal internode bending moment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- bending moment of the base internodese0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RC-CI can appropriately reduce the plant height, so as to reduce the bending moment of the base internodes.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS reduced lodging index by 16.0% compared with FSI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe0
- Outcome
- lodging indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16.0%e0
- Comparator
- FSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lodging index of DPS was reduced by an average of 16.0% compared with FSI.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Under severe water deficit, DPS internode and stem wall thickness were inferior to FSI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe0
- Outcome
- internodes thickness and stem wall thicknesse0
- Direction
- inferiore0
- Qualifier
- severe water deficite0
- Comparator
- FSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Because DPS was subject to severe water deficit, its internodes thickness and stem wall thickness were inferior to that of FSI, leading to the weakening of the mechanical strength of stem”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS weakened stem mechanical strength relative to FSI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe1
- Outcome
- mechanical strength of steme0
- Direction
- weakeninge0
- Comparator
- FSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its internodes thickness and stem wall thickness were inferior to that of FSI, leading to the weakening of the mechanical strength of stem”
t0“Effects of Different Irrigation and Drainage Modes on Lodging Resistance of Super Rice Japonica 9108”
e1“The lodging index of DPS was reduced by an average of 16.0% compared with FSI.”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS reduced stem sheath output and conversion rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe1
- Outcome
- output rate and conversion rate of the stem sheathe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The output rate and conversion rate of the stem sheath were reduced”
t0“Effects of Different Irrigation and Drainage Modes on Lodging Resistance of Super Rice Japonica 9108”
e1“The lodging index of DPS was reduced by an average of 16.0% compared with FSI.”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS significantly reduced plant and center of gravity heights.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe1
- Outcome
- plant height and center of gravity heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant height and center of gravity height were significantly reduced, the bending moment remained low.”
t0“Effects of Different Irrigation and Drainage Modes on Lodging Resistance of Super Rice Japonica 9108”
e1“The lodging index of DPS was reduced by an average of 16.0% compared with FSI.”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS maintained a low bending moment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe1
- Outcome
- bending momente0
- Direction
- remained lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant height and center of gravity height were significantly reduced, the bending moment remained low.”
t0“Effects of Different Irrigation and Drainage Modes on Lodging Resistance of Super Rice Japonica 9108”
e1“The lodging index of DPS was reduced by an average of 16.0% compared with FSI.”
Claim · model-written summary
RC-CI increased average yield by 5.8% over FSI across two years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- RC-CIe0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.8%e0
- Qualifier
- two yearse0
- Comparator
- FSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with FSI, the average yield of RC-CI increased by 5.8% in two years”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS reduced average yield by 4.4% over FSI across two years.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DPSe0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.4%e0
- Qualifier
- two yearse0
- Comparator
- FSIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with FSI, the average yield of RC-CI increased by 5.8% in two years, and the average yield of DPS was reduced by 4.4% in two years.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
DPS under severe water deficit reduced panicle dry matter accumulation and rice yield index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- DPS under severe water deficite0
- Outcome
- accumulation of dry matter in the panicle and the yield indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DPS under severe water deficit reduced the accumulation of dry matter in the panicle and the yield index of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged RC-CI the best mode for yield and lodging resistance, followed by DPS.
Verbatim
e0“Considering the yield and lodging resistance of the super rice “Japonica 9108”, RC-CI is the best irrigation and drainage mode, followed by DPS.”
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