Abstract
Abstract Dianthus caryophyllus L., a quantitative long day plant, was used for studies of the effect of photoperiod on the different stages of plant development. The anatomical structure of the vegetative shoot apex and the changes during floral transformation are described. These stages were not affected by the various photoperiod lengths, i.e., 9, 13, and 18 hr. The developmental cycle of D. caryophyllus may be divided into 3 stages: vegetative, floral initiation, and floral development. The influence of photoperiod on the duration of each of the 3 stages was different. The length of the vegetative stage was inversely related to the length of the photoperiod (the longer the photoperiod, the shorter the vegetative stage). Daylength had no effect on the period of floral initiation, but did affect the period of floral development (i.e., the longer the photoperiod, the longer the developmental stage). The rate of stem elongation under all treatments increased exponentially until the floral initiation state, and then the plants grown under photoperiods of 13 hr or longer elongated significantly faster than those under the 9-hr photoperiod. After flower initiation was completed, the rate of stem elongation suddenly increased linearly until the flower opened. In contrast to the vegetative shoot, the rate of stem elongation of flowering plants was completely independent of photoperiod, and the rate was the same in the 9, 13, and 18 hr photoperiods.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative apex and floral transformation stages were unaffected by 9, 13 and 18 hr photoperiods.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.
Dianthus caryophyllust0 - Treatment
- various photoperiod lengths, i.e., 9, 13, and 18 hre0
- Outcome
- These stagese0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The anatomical structure of the vegetative shoot apex and the changes during floral transformation are described. These stages were not affected by the various photoperiod lengths, i.e., 9, 13, and 18 hr.”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The developmental cycle has vegetative, floral initiation and floral development stages.
- Taxon
- D. caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse0
- Outcome
- 3 stages: vegetative, floral initiation, and floral developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The developmental cycle of D. caryophyllus may be divided into 3 stages: vegetative, floral initiation, and floral development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer photoperiod shortened the vegetative stage.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- photoperiode0
- Outcome
- length of the vegetative stagee0
- Direction
- shortere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The length of the vegetative stage was inversely related to the length of the photoperiod (the longer the photoperiod, the shorter the vegetative stage).”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Daylength had no effect on floral initiation duration.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- Daylengthe0
- Outcome
- period of floral initiatione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daylength had no effect on the period of floral initiation, but did affect the period of floral development (i.e., the longer the photoperiod, the longer the developmental stage).”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer photoperiod lengthened floral development.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- photoperiode0
- Outcome
- period of floral developmente0
- Direction
- longere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Daylength had no effect on the period of floral initiation, but did affect the period of floral development (i.e., the longer the photoperiod, the longer the developmental stage).”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem elongation rate increased exponentially until floral initiation under all treatments.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Organ / stage
- floral initiation statee0
- Outcome
- rate of stem elongatione0
- Direction
- increased exponentiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of stem elongation under all treatments increased exponentially until the floral initiation state, and then the plants grown under photoperiods of 13 hr or longer elongated significantly faster than those under the 9-hr photoperiod.”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At floral initiation, plants under 13 hr or longer photoperiods elongated significantly faster than under 9 hr.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- photoperiods of 13 hr or longere0
- Outcome
- elongatede0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Comparator
- 9-hr photoperiode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of stem elongation under all treatments increased exponentially until the floral initiation state, and then the plants grown under photoperiods of 13 hr or longer elongated significantly faster than those under the 9-hr photoperiod.”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
After flower initiation, stem elongation rate increased linearly until flower opening.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Organ / stage
- flower initiatione0
- Outcome
- rate of stem elongatione0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After flower initiation was completed, the rate of stem elongation suddenly increased linearly until the flower opened.”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowering-plant stem elongation rate was the same at 9, 13 and 18 hr photoperiods.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus L.Dianthus caryophyllust0
- Treatment
- 9, 13, and 18 hr photoperiodse0
- Outcome
- rate of stem elongation of flowering plantse0
- Direction
- the samee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to the vegetative shoot, the rate of stem elongation of flowering plants was completely independent of photoperiod, and the rate was the same in the 9, 13, and 18 hr photoperiods.”
t0“Dianthus caryophyllus L.”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.