Abstract
Abstract Long photoperiods (either naturally long days or 4-hour night interruptions with low intensity incandescent light) inhibited lateral shoot development and induced early flowering in perpetual flowering carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus ). Short photoperiods delayed flowering but enhanced lateral shoot development only when shoots were vegetative. Once a shoot was induced, short photo periods had no influence on time to terminal shoot flower or on subtending vegetative lateral shoot development. Vegetative lateral shoot development was inhibited by night interruption lighting regardless of light source. These data indicate that high flower production in Spring and summer is due to lateral vegetative shoots which begin elongation and growth during the non-flower inductive short days of winter. At higher latitudes low production of flowers may not entirely be due to low photo-synthetic light but to the low number of lateral shoots. This low number of potential flowering shoots is due to highly inductive long days of summer which have caused shoots to flower before subtending lateral shoots can begin growth for future flower production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Long photoperiods inhibited lateral shoot development.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophylluse0 - Treatment
- Long photoperiodse0
- Outcome
- lateral shoot developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long photoperiods (either naturally long days or 4-hour night interruptions with low intensity incandescent light) inhibited lateral shoot development and induced early flowering in perpetual flowering carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus )”
Claim · model-written summary
Long photoperiods induced early flowering.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse0
- Treatment
- Long photoperiodse0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- earlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long photoperiods (either naturally long days or 4-hour night interruptions with low intensity incandescent light) inhibited lateral shoot development and induced early flowering in perpetual flowering carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus )”
Claim · model-written summary
Short photoperiods delayed flowering.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- Short photoperiodse0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short photoperiods delayed flowering”
e1“Dianthus caryophyllus”
Claim · model-written summary
Short photoperiods enhanced lateral shoots only while shoots were vegetative.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- Short photoperiodse0
- Outcome
- lateral shoot developmente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- only when shoots were vegetativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short photoperiods delayed flowering but enhanced lateral shoot development only when shoots were vegetative”
e1“Dianthus caryophyllus”
Claim · model-written summary
After shoot induction, short photoperiods did not affect time to terminal flowering or lateral shoot development.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- short photo periodse0
- Outcome
- time to terminal shoot flower or on subtending vegetative lateral shoot developmente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
- Qualifier
- Once a shoot was inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Once a shoot was induced, short photo periods had no influence on time to terminal shoot flower or on subtending vegetative lateral shoot development”
e1“Dianthus caryophyllus”
Claim · model-written summary
Night interruption lighting inhibited vegetative lateral shoots regardless of light source.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse1
- Treatment
- night interruption lightinge0
- Outcome
- Vegetative lateral shoot developmente0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of light sourcee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vegetative lateral shoot development was inhibited by night interruption lighting regardless of light source”
e1“Dianthus caryophyllus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed high spring and summer flower production to vegetative shoots that began growing during short winter days.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse1
- Organ / stage
- lateral vegetative shootse0
- Outcome
- high flower production in Spring and summere0
- Qualifier
- during the non-flower inductive short days of wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high flower production in Spring and summer is due to lateral vegetative shoots which begin elongation and growth during the non-flower inductive short days of winter”
e1“Dianthus caryophyllus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested low flower production at higher latitudes may stem from few lateral shoots.
- Taxon
- Dianthus caryophyllusDianthus caryophylluse1
- Organ / stage
- lateral shootse0
- Outcome
- low production of flowerse0
- Setting
- higher latitudese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At higher latitudes low production of flowers may not entirely be due to low photo-synthetic light but to the low number of lateral shoots”
e1“Dianthus caryophyllus”
The same questions in other papers
light · phenology · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →light · growth · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.