Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop, cultivated widely for cut flowers. This study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementary light source for the cutting propagation of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings. Terminal cuttings were propagated in a glasshouse with an average of 260 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) coming from the sun (the control), supplemented with one of three artificial light sources: mixed (red: blue: white = 6:1:1) light-emitting diodes (LED-mix), metal halide (MH) lamps, or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. The supplementary light was provided from 7:00 to 17:00 h at 100 µmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD during propagation. The cuttings were kept on a fogged bench in a glasshouse for 25 days with 24/15 °C day/night temperatures and 88% relative humidity. Compared with the control, better root formation was observed from cuttings grown under the supplementary lights after 10 days. After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights. The best root ball formation and the highest root activities were also found in cuttings propagated with supplementary MH light. Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates. Overall, the root formation and development of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings were significantly promoted by the three supplementary light sources. Of the three, MH was identified as the optimal supplementary light source.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary lights improved rooting after ten days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Dianthus caryophylluse7 - Organ / stage
- cuttingse0
- Treatment
- supplementary lightse0
- Outcome
- root formatione0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control, better root formation was observed from cuttings grown under the supplementary lights after 10 days.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
MH significantly increased root length after 25 days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- After 25 days of propagatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
MH significantly increased root number after 25 days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- root numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- After 25 days of propagatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
MH significantly increased root fresh and dry weights after 25 days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- root fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- After 25 days of propagatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
MH significantly increased shoot biomass after 25 days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- After 25 days of propagatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
MH significantly increased shoot length after 25 days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- After 25 days of propagatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
MH significantly increased shoot fresh and dry weights after 25 days.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- After 25 days of propagatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 25 days of propagation, MH significantly increased the root length, root number, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot biomass, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weights.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary MH light gave the best root ball formation.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- supplementary MH lighte0
- Outcome
- root ball formatione0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best root ball formation and the highest root activities were also found in cuttings propagated with supplementary MH light.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary MH light gave the highest root activities.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- supplementary MH lighte0
- Outcome
- root activitiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best root ball formation and the highest root activities were also found in cuttings propagated with supplementary MH light.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary light increased plant temperature.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- Supplementary lighte0
- Outcome
- plant temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary light increased quantum yield.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- Supplementary lighte0
- Outcome
- quantum yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary light increased stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- Supplementary lighte0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary light increased chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- Supplementary lighte0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary light increased soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- Supplementary lighte0
- Outcome
- soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary light increased carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- Supplementary lighte0
- Outcome
- carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementary light increased the plant temperature, quantum yield, stomatal conductance, and the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and carbohydrates.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Three supplementary light sources significantly promoted root formation and development.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse0
- Material
- Dreambyule0
- Treatment
- three supplementary light sourcese0
- Outcome
- root formation and developmente0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the root formation and development of carnation ‘Dreambyul’ cuttings were significantly promoted by the three supplementary light sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
MH was identified as the optimal supplementary light source.
- Taxon
- Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)Dianthus caryophylluse7
- Treatment
- MHe0
- Outcome
- optimal supplementary light sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the three, MH was identified as the optimal supplementary light source.”
e7“Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a major floricultural crop”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: pigments · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
light · growth · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.