Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fertilizer management systems such as organic, chemical and integrated fertilizer systems in increasing total quality and quantity yields of canola and wheat in two rotations included canola–soybean–wheat and canola-wheat. In this experiment, the effects of zeolite incorporation with different organic and chemical fertilizers were investigated on the improvement of yield components, crop yield and nutrient uptake of canola and wheat in Iran during 2014–2018. Two crop rotations of canola-soybean-wheat and canola-wheat provided the whole-plot treatments with nine fertilization management (F1: urea, F2: urea + zeolite, F3: composted manure, F4: composted manure + zeolite, F5: urea + composted manure, F6: urea+ composted manure + zeolite, F7: urea+ azocompost, F8: urea+ azocompost + zeolite and F9: Control) providing the sub-plots. The highest yield of canola and wheat were observed under F6 and F8. Embedding soybean in the rotation was not significantly efficacious in increasing canola and wheat yields. Also, soybean did not reduce wheat and canola yield, it could fulfill its own requirements. Elemental composition of seeds in crops was affected by the treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) perfectly displayed that organic fertilizers, especially composted manure accompanied with the application of 8 ton ha−1 zeolite and urea (F6) had the most predominant effect on yield and yield components in both wheat and canola. Crop rotation in the short-term programs might not produce desirable results, but it is expected to see the efficacy of crop rotation in long-term farming practices.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Canola yield was highest under fertilizer treatments F6 and F8.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Treatment
- F6 and F8e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield of canola and wheat were observed under F6 and F8.”
e1“F6: urea+ composted manure + zeolite, F7: urea+ azocompost, F8: urea+ azocompost + zeolite”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was highest under fertilizer treatments F6 and F8.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- F6 and F8e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield of canola and wheat were observed under F6 and F8.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding soybean to rotation did not significantly increase canola yield.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- Embedding soybean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly efficacious in increasinge0
- Comparator
- canola-wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embedding soybean in the rotation was not significantly efficacious in increasing canola and wheat yields.”
e1“Two crop rotations of canola-soybean-wheat and canola-wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding soybean to rotation did not significantly increase wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Embedding soybean in the rotatione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly efficacious in increasinge0
- Comparator
- canola-wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embedding soybean in the rotation was not significantly efficacious in increasing canola and wheat yields.”
e1“Two crop rotations of canola-soybean-wheat and canola-wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean in rotation did not reduce wheat or canola yield and could meet its own requirements.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- fulfill its own requirementse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, soybean did not reduce wheat and canola yield, it could fulfill its own requirements.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer and rotation treatments affected crop seed elemental composition.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Elemental composition of seeds in crops was affected by the treatments.”
e1“different fertilizer management systems such as organic, chemical and integrated fertilizer systems”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA showed that F6 had the most predominant effect on yield and yield components in wheat and canola.
- Taxon
- wheat and canolaTriticum aestivumBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- composted manure accompanied with the application of 8 ton ha−1 zeolite and urea (F6)e0
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- most predominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis (PCA) perfectly displayed that organic fertilizers, especially composted manure accompanied with the application of 8 ton ha−1 zeolite and urea (F6) had the most predominant effect on yield and yield components in both wheat and canola.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest short-term rotation may not yield desirable results but expect longer-term benefits.
- Outcome
- efficacy of crop rotation in long-term farming practicese0
- Qualifier
- short-term programs might not produce desirable resultse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Crop rotation in the short-term programs might not produce desirable results, but it is expected to see the efficacy of crop rotation in long-term farming practices.”
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