Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to compare three strategies of chemically enhanced phytoremediation using alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) treated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate (PDP-SDP), potassium dihydrogen phosphate-sodium hydroxide (PDP-SH), and disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid (SDP-CA). It was found that: the average biomass of alfalfa treated with PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA were 2.59-, 1.22- and 1.44-fold higher than controls, respectively. However, the application of PDP-SH had a passive effect on root growth. The Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) values and Translocation Factor (TF) values of Zn in alfalfa plants were increased after the soils were treated with PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA. With the addition of PDP-SDP the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in shoots of alfalfa plants were 2.30-, 1.75-, 2.04- and 4.60-, for PDP-SH 1.07-, 1.71-, 0.82- and 1.56-, and for SDP-CA 1.53-, 0.82-, 1.02- and 2.83-fold higher, respectively, than the untreated controls. The results indicate that the application of PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA could be used for enhancing phytoremediation of Zn using alfalfa, and PDP-SH and SDP-CA could be used for enhancing the phytoremediation of Cr and Cd using alfalfa.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SDP raised average alfalfa biomass 2.59-fold over controls.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- PDP-SDPe0
- Outcome
- average biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.59-e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average biomass of alfalfa treated with PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA were 2.59-, 1.22- and 1.44-fold higher than controls, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SH raised average alfalfa biomass 1.22-fold over controls.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- PDP-SHe0
- Outcome
- average biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.22-e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average biomass of alfalfa treated with PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA were 2.59-, 1.22- and 1.44-fold higher than controls, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SDP-CA raised average alfalfa biomass 1.44-fold over controls.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- average biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.44-folde0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average biomass of alfalfa treated with PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA were 2.59-, 1.22- and 1.44-fold higher than controls, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SH adversely affected alfalfa root growth.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PDP-SHe0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of PDP-SH had a passive effect on root growth”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
All three amendments increased Zn bioconcentration and translocation factors in alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) values and Translocation Factor (TF) values of Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) values and Translocation Factor (TF) values of Zn in alfalfa plants were increased after the soils were treated with PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SDP increased shoot Cd accumulation to 2.30-fold of control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- PDP-SDPe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.30-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of PDP-SDP the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in shoots of alfalfa plants were 2.30-, 1.75-, 2.04- and 4.60-”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SDP increased shoot Cr accumulation to 1.75-fold of control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- PDP-SDPe0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.75-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of PDP-SDP the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in shoots of alfalfa plants were 2.30-, 1.75-, 2.04- and 4.60-”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SDP increased shoot Cu accumulation to 2.04-fold of control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- PDP-SDPe0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 2.04-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of PDP-SDP the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in shoots of alfalfa plants were 2.30-, 1.75-, 2.04- and 4.60-”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SDP increased shoot Zn accumulation to 4.60-fold of control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- PDP-SDPe0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 4.60-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the addition of PDP-SDP the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in shoots of alfalfa plants were 2.30-, 1.75-, 2.04- and 4.60-”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SH produced 1.07-fold shoot Cd accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PDP-SHe0
- Outcome
- PDP-SHe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.07-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for PDP-SH 1.07-, 1.71-, 0.82- and 1.56-”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SH produced 1.71-fold shoot Cr accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PDP-SHe0
- Outcome
- PDP-SHe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.71-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for PDP-SH 1.07-, 1.71-, 0.82- and 1.56-”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SH produced 0.82-fold shoot Cu accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PDP-SHe0
- Outcome
- PDP-SHe0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.82-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for PDP-SH 1.07-, 1.71-, 0.82- and 1.56-”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
PDP-SH produced 1.56-fold shoot Zn accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- PDP-SHe0
- Outcome
- PDP-SHe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.56-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for PDP-SH 1.07-, 1.71-, 0.82- and 1.56-”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
SDP-CA produced 1.53-fold shoot Cd accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- SDP-CAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.53-e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for SDP-CA 1.53-, 0.82-, 1.02- and 2.83-fold higher, respectively, than the untreated controls”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
SDP-CA produced 0.82-fold shoot Cr accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- SDP-CAe0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 0.82-e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for SDP-CA 1.53-, 0.82-, 1.02- and 2.83-fold higher, respectively, than the untreated controls”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
SDP-CA produced 1.02-fold shoot Cu accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- SDP-CAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.02-e0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for SDP-CA 1.53-, 0.82-, 1.02- and 2.83-fold higher, respectively, than the untreated controls”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
SDP-CA produced 2.83-fold shoot Zn accumulation relative to control.
- Taxon
- ALFALFAMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- SDP-CAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.83-folde0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for SDP-CA 1.53-, 0.82-, 1.02- and 2.83-fold higher, respectively, than the untreated controls”
t0“ALFALFA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend all three amendments to enhance alfalfa Zn phytoremediation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- enhancing phytoremediation of Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of PDP-SDP, PDP-SH and SDP-CA could be used for enhancing phytoremediation of Zn using alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend PDP-SH and SDP-CA to enhance alfalfa Cr and Cd phytoremediation.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- PDP-SH and SDP-CAe0
- Outcome
- enhancing the phytoremediation of Cr and Cde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PDP-SH and SDP-CA could be used for enhancing the phytoremediation of Cr and Cd using alfalfa”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.