Abstract
Plants in nature commonly encounter combined stress scenarios. The response to combined stressors is often unpredictable from the response to single stresses. To address stress interference in roots, we applied salinity, heat, and high light to hydroponically grown sugar beet. Two main patterns of metabolomic acclimation were apparent. High salt of 300 mM NaCl considerably lowered metabolite amounts, for example, those of most amino acids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glucose. Very few metabolites revealed the opposite trend with increased contents at high salts, mostly organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid, but also tryptophan, tyrosine, and the compatible solute proline. High temperature (31°C vs. 21°C) also frequently lowered root metabolite pools. The individual effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stress. Under high light and high salt conditions, there was a significant decline in root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-P, cysteine, and l-aspartate contents. The results reveal the complex interaction pattern of environmental parameters and urge researchers to elaborate in much more detail and width on combinatorial stress effects to bridge work under controlled growth conditions to growth in nature, and also to better understand acclimation to the consequences of climate change.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
High salt lowered most amino acids, GABA and glucose in roots.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Organ / stage
- rootst0
- Treatment
- High salt of 300 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- metabolite amounts, for example, those of most amino acids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glucosee0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High salt of 300 mM NaCl considerably lowered metabolite amounts, for example, those of most amino acids, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and glucose”
t0“sugar beet roots”
Claim · model-written summary
High salt increased citric acid, isocitric acid, tryptophan, tyrosine and proline contents.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- high saltse0
- Outcome
- increased contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased contents at high salts, mostly organic acids such as citric acid and isocitric acid, but also tryptophan, tyrosine, and the compatible solute proline”
t0“sugar beet roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher temperature frequently lowered root metabolite pools.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- High temperature (31°C vs. 21°C)e0
- Outcome
- root metabolite poolse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Comparator
- 21°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High temperature (31°C vs. 21°C) also frequently lowered root metabolite pools”
t0“sugar beet roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The individual metabolic effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stress.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- individual effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The individual effects of salinity and heat were superimposed under combined stress”
t0“sugar beet roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined high light and high salt significantly decreased root chloride, mannitol and ribulose 5-P contents.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- high light and high salt conditionse0
- Outcome
- root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-Pe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high light and high salt conditions, there was a significant decline in root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-P, cysteine, and l-aspartate contents”
t0“sugar beet roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined high light and high salt significantly decreased root cysteine and l-aspartate contents.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- high light and high salt conditionse0
- Outcome
- cysteine, and l-aspartate contentse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high light and high salt conditions, there was a significant decline in root chloride, mannitol, ribulose 5-P, cysteine, and l-aspartate contents”
t0“sugar beet roots”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
light · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →heat · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.