Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Vitis vinifera L. ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapes from the Yantai wine region of China usually form dense clusters and contain low phenolic content. We applied five concentrations (ranged from 5 to 25 mg L −1 ) of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) to ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ before anthesis to decrease cluster compactness in two consecutive vintages. Yield indices, grape maturity, and wine phenolic compounds were determined. RESULTS GA 3 application significantly reduced cluster compactness, bunch weight, and yield per vine, but it did not significantly improve fruit ripening. The levels of total phenolics, total tannins, and total anthocyanins in wine were enhanced by GA 3 application, with 10 and 15 mg L −1 GA 3 treatments consistently producing a significant increase in the concentrations of mavidin, cyanidin, and their derivatives. Specifically, trans ‐resveratrol was consistently significantly increased by 15 mg L −1 GA 3 application. Principal component analysis of phenolic compounds demonstrated the differences among wines produced from GA 3 treatment groups and the control. CONCLUSION Overall, wine phenolic profiles could be significantly modified by application of low concentrations of GA 3 before anthesis. Application of high levels of GA 3 is not recommended due to significant yield decrease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 application significantly reduced cluster compactness in Cabernet Gernischt grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione1
- Outcome
- cluster compactnesse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e1“GA 3 application significantly reduced cluster compactness, bunch weight, and yield per vine”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 application significantly reduced bunch weight and yield per vine in grapevines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione1
- Outcome
- bunch weight, and yield per vinee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e1“GA 3 application significantly reduced cluster compactness, bunch weight, and yield per vine”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 application did not significantly improve fruit ripening.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione1
- Outcome
- fruit ripeninge2
- Direction
- did not significantly improvee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e1“GA 3 application significantly reduced cluster compactness, bunch weight, and yield per vine”
e2“it did not significantly improve fruit ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 application enhanced total phenolics, total tannins and total anthocyanins in wine.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- GA 3 applicatione3
- Outcome
- total phenolics, total tannins, and total anthocyanins in winee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e3“The levels of total phenolics, total tannins, and total anthocyanins in wine were enhanced by GA 3 application”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with 10 and 15 mg L-1 GA3 consistently and significantly increased the concentrations of mavidin, cyanidin and their derivatives in wine.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- 10 and 15 mg L −1 GA 3e4
- Outcome
- concentrations of mavidin, cyanidin, and their derivativese4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- consistentlye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e4“10 and 15 mg L −1 GA 3 treatments consistently producing a significant increase in the concentrations of mavidin, cyanidin, and their derivatives”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 15 mg L-1 GA3 consistently and significantly increased trans-resveratrol in wine.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- 15 mg L −1 GA 3 applicatione5
- Outcome
- trans ‐resveratrole5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e5“trans ‐resveratrol was consistently significantly increased by 15 mg L −1 GA 3 application”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component analysis of phenolic compounds showed differences among wines from GA3 treatment groups and the control.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- GA 3 treatment groupse6
- Outcome
- differences among winese6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e6“Principal component analysis of phenolic compounds demonstrated the differences among wines produced from GA 3 treatment groups and the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend against high GA3 levels because they cause a significant yield decrease.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- high levels of GA 3e7
- Outcome
- not recommendede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera L.”
e7“Application of high levels of GA 3 is not recommended due to significant yield decrease”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.