Abstract
The effect of the mixture (1:1) of chemical and organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on crop yield quality and N fertilizer use efficiency remains elusive. A nitrogen field experiment was conducted in the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 to investigate the effects of the mixture of chemical and organic N fertilizer on the crop yield, crop quality and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in a maize–soybean intercropping system in China. Four treatments applied at 150 kg N ha−1 were used: no nitrogen fertilizer (CK), chemical N fertilizer (ChemF), mixture (1:1) of chemical and organic N fertilizer (ChemF + OrgF) and organic N fertilizer (OrgF). The results showed that the yield and aboveground N accumulation of both soybean and maize increased with the application of fertilizer. The ChemF + OrgF treatment had lower maize and soybean seed yields than for ChemF treatment, but higher than the other two treatments in both years, and the maize yield of the (ChemF + OrgF) treatment was significantly higher (14.9%) in 2021 than 2020. Yields were significantly positively correlated with aboveground N accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency, measured using the nitrogen partial productivity (NPP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NFRR). The protein content tended to increase and the oil content tended to decrease under (ChemF + OrgF) applications in soybeans. The (ChemF + OrgF) treatment had the lowest starch content in maize. There was no significant difference in the nitrogen harvest index among treatments, while the NPP, NAE and NFRR were the highest for the application of chemical N fertilizer and significantly decreased with the addition of organic N fertilizer. We conclude that the mixture (1:1) of chemical and organic N fertilizer increased the seed yield and quality of maize, but only the seed yield of soybean.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased soybean and maize yields and aboveground nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- application of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yield and aboveground N accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the yield and aboveground N accumulation of both soybean and maize increased with the application of fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed fertilizer gave lower soybean and maize seed yields than chemical fertilizer but higher yields than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ChemF + OrgFe0
- Outcome
- soybean seed yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ChemF treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ChemF + OrgF treatment had lower maize and soybean seed yields than for ChemF treatment, but higher than the other two treatments in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield under mixed fertilizer was 14.9% higher in 2021 than 2020.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maize yield of the (ChemF + OrgF) treatment was significantly higher (14.9%) in 2021 than 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields correlated positively with aboveground nitrogen accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Yields were significantly positively correlated with aboveground N accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency, measured using the nitrogen partial productivity (NPP), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate (NFRR).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer tended to increase soybean protein content.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ChemF + OrgFe0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein content tended to increase and the oil content tended to decrease under (ChemF + OrgF) applications in soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer tended to decrease soybean oil content.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ChemF + OrgFe0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein content tended to increase and the oil content tended to decrease under (ChemF + OrgF) applications in soybeans.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer gave maize the lowest starch content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The (ChemF + OrgF) treatment had the lowest starch content in maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen harvest index did not differ significantly among treatments.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in the nitrogen harvest index among treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
NPP, NAE and NFRR were highest with chemical fertilizer and decreased with added organic fertilizer.
- Treatment
- addition of organic N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- NPP, NAE and NFRRe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- chemical N fertilizere0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the NPP, NAE and NFRR were the highest for the application of chemical N fertilizer and significantly decreased with the addition of organic N fertilizer.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: oil · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 64 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
76 papers more in this group
See all 80 papers →fertilization · quality: sugar starch · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 71 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →fertilization · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
130 papers more in this group
See all 134 papers →fertilization · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1,020 papers in the same direction as this paper · 155 in the opposite direction · 16 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
1,188 papers more in this group
See all 1,192 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.