Abstract
Two-year field experiments were conducted to study the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), and bio-inoculants on wheat productivity and profitability. Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat. Data suggested that the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1 resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control. Meanwhile, plots with the application of 10 t ha−1 FYM significantly (p < 0.05) increased grain yield (+26%) and straw yield (+22%) as compared to the control. Similarly, significant enhancement in grain and straw yields was observed with the application of PGPR + VAM over no-inoculation. Results showed that the significantly higher grain and straw yield attained by application of 75% NPK fertilizer + 10 t ha−1 FYM was at par with the application of 100% NPK fertilizer alone. Further, net returns (profitability) and B:C ratio (2.37) were significantly higher with fertilization with 75% NPK + 10 t ha−1 FYM along with PGPR + VAM as compared to 100% NPK alone. Overall, it can be concluded that the combination of 75% NPK and 10 t ha−1 FYM along with PGPR + VAM represented the optimum for net return and B:C ratio and reduced (25%) dose of NPK as compared to the rest of the treatment combinations.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic fertilizers, FYM and bio-inoculants significantly increased wheat productivity and profitability.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculantse0
- Outcome
- productivity and profitabilitye0
- Direction
- significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer up to 100% NPK significantly increased grain yield by 206% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- +206%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e1“the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1 resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer up to 100% NPK significantly increased straw yield by 177% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1e1
- Outcome
- straw yielde1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- +177%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e1“the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1 resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer up to 100% NPK significantly increased harvest index by 7% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1e1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Value
- +7%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e1“the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1 resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer up to 100% NPK significantly increased all growth attributes of wheat compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1e1
- Outcome
- all growth attributese1
- Direction
- significant increasese1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e1“the aggregate levels of fertilizer up to 100% NPK ha−1 resulted in significant increases in all growth attributes, grain yield (+206%), straw yield (+177%), and harvest index (+7%) as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 10 t ha−1 FYM significantly increased grain yield by 26% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 10 t ha−1 FYMe2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- +26%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e2“plots with the application of 10 t ha−1 FYM significantly (p < 0.05) increased grain yield (+26%) and straw yield (+22%) as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 10 t ha−1 FYM significantly increased straw yield by 22% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 10 t ha−1 FYMe2
- Outcome
- straw yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- +22%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e2“plots with the application of 10 t ha−1 FYM significantly (p < 0.05) increased grain yield (+26%) and straw yield (+22%) as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR and VAM inoculation significantly enhanced grain and straw yields over no inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- PGPR + VAMe3
- Interactor
- PGPRe3symbiont
- Second interactor
- VAMe3symbiont
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse3
- Direction
- significant enhancemente3
- Comparator
- no-inoculatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e3“significant enhancement in grain and straw yields was observed with the application of PGPR + VAM over no-inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of 75% NPK plus 10 t ha−1 FYM with PGPR and VAM was at par with 100% NPK alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 75% NPK fertilizer + 10 t ha−1 FYMe4
- Outcome
- grain and straw yielde4
- Direction
- at pare4
- Comparator
- 100% NPK fertilizer alonee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e4“significantly higher grain and straw yield attained by application of 75% NPK fertilizer + 10 t ha−1 FYM was at par with the application of 100% NPK fertilizer alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Net returns and B:C ratio (2.37) were significantly higher with 75% NPK plus 10 t ha−1 FYM with PGPR and VAM than with 100% NPK alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 75% NPK + 10 t ha−1 FYM along with PGPR + VAMe5
- Outcome
- net returns (profitability) and B:C ratioe5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
- Value
- 2.37e5
- Comparator
- 100% NPK alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e5“net returns (profitability) and B:C ratio (2.37) were significantly higher with fertilization with 75% NPK + 10 t ha−1 FYM along with PGPR + VAM as compared to 100% NPK alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 75% NPK, 10 t ha−1 FYM, PGPR and VAM is the optimum for net return and B:C ratio of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 75% NPK and 10 t ha−1 FYM along with PGPR + VAMe6
- Outcome
- the optimum for net return and B:C ratioe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results specified that judicious application of inorganic fertilizers, FYM, and bio-inoculants significantly increased the productivity and profitability of wheat”
e6“the combination of 75% NPK and 10 t ha−1 FYM along with PGPR + VAM represented the optimum for net return and B:C ratio”
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